434 CORACIIFORMES CHAP. 
with glittering blue tail-coverts and chest ; the rectrices are steel- 
blue, the wings and abdomen blackish. £. jugularis, of the 
Windward Islands, has green wings and red throat.  Petaso- 
phora contains some seven members, ranging from South Mexico 
to Bolivia and Brazil, with fine blue or purple ear-tufts, which 
occasionally meet in front. Chrysolampis mosquitus, extending 
from New Granada to Guiana and Brazil, with Trinidad, is often 
called the Ruby-and-Topaz Humming-bird, from its ruby-red 
head and nape, and topaz-orange throat and breast; the upper 
surface is velvety brown, the tail chestnut, the abdomen olive. 
The plumage of the male is largely used for decoration; but the 
female is chiefly dull bronzy-green with whitish lower parts. 
(2) Forms with feebly serrated beaks. The large musky- 
scented Pterophanes temmincki, of the Andes from Colombia. to 
Bolivia, is dark green, with the whole wing blue above and 
below, except for its black tip. The hen-bird is rufous beneath and 
has purplish-black remiges. Diphlogaena iris, the lovely fork- 
tailed “ Rainbow,” has a golden-green forehead, an orange-scarlet 
crown with a rich violet-blue median stripe, a black nape, a 
lustrous lilac throat -spot, a chestnut rump - region, tail and 
abdomen, and green plumage elsewhere. The female has little 
or no copper or blue tints. This species inhabits the Andes 
from Ecuador to Bolivia, and has two similar congeners. Cyano- 
leshia gorgo of Colombia and Venezuela is green, with the throat 
sapphire-blue and the tail violet-blue in the male, these parts 
being white and nearly green respectively in the hen, which 
has the under parts chestnut. Sappho, of Peru, Bolivia, Chili, 
and Argentina, includes two exceptionally lovely birds with long 
forked tails and luminous throats. 8. sparganura, the “ Sappho 
Comet,” is bronzy- green with crimson back and fiery orange 
rectrices, which are black at the tip and brown at the base. S. 
phaon has both the above parts lustrous crimson. The females have 
short tails and lack the red back. The four members of JLesbia, 
another genus with a long forked tail, occupy the Andes from 
Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia; LZ. victoriae, the “'Train- 
bearer” of Bogota, being golden green with glittering throat 
and purplish-black tail tipped with green; the hen is green 
and white below, and has the narrow  rectrices shorter. 
Metallura, with about nine species, is found in the same coun- 
tries.  LHustephanus galeritus of Chil, the Straits of Magellan, 
