VI GALBULIDAE 445 
green tinge on the former and on the chest; the vent crimson. 
Three other species range from Colombia to Bolivia. The decora- 
tive feathers of the Quezal were reserved for chiefs in olden times. 
Trogons are ancient forms which once occurred within the 
Palaearctic countries, as is shewn by the discovery of the fossil 
Trogon gallicus in the Lower Miocene of France. 
The Sub-Order Pict contains, according to Dr. Gadow, the 
Families Galbulidae, or Jacamars and Putf-birds, Capitonidae, 
or Barbets and Honey-guides, Rhamphastidae or Toucans, and 
Picidae, or Woodpeckers and Wrynecks. All these un- 
doubtedly belong to that author’s Order Coraciiformes, though 
Garrod and W. A. Forbes included the Galbulidae and several 
of the allied Families in their Passeriformes. 
Fam. XV. Galbulidae.'—This may be divided into the Sub- 
families, (1) Galbulinae, or Jacamars, and (2) Bucconinae, or Puft- 
birds.” The former have a long straight bill, compressed and pointed, 
with angular genys ; Jacamerops, however, having it curved, ridged, 
and dilated basally. The feet are weak, the metatarsi being 
scutellated in front and smooth behind, with the toes zygodactyl- 
ous; while Jacamaralcyon alone lacks the hallux. The rounded 
wings have ten primaries, with the outer much reduced, and from 
ten to twelve secondaries; the tail of twelve feathers is some- 
times short and square, sometimes long and more or less graduated, 
the external pair of rectrices being diminutive or absent. The 
furcula is U-shaped, the tongue long, tapering, and membranous ; 
the nostrils are slightly bristly, with an internal membrane in 
Jacamerops; the aftershaft is rudimentary; and there is no down on 
the adults or the blind nestlings. The plumage is particularly soft. 
Sub-fam. 1. Galbulinae. 
coppery- or golden-green above, and more or less rufous below ; 
though the upper parts may be metallic blue, chestnut, or greyish- 
black. The bill and feet are generally blackish; but in Galbalcy- 
rhynchus, Brachygalba albigularis, and B. melanosterna, the bill 
is white, in Galbula albirostris and G. cyaneicollis it is yellow and 
Jacamars are ordinarily brilliant 
black. The largest species (Jacamerops grandis) is not eleven 
inches long. The females resemble the males, or are paler below, 
1 For the Family generally, see Sclater, Monograph of the Jacamars and Puff- 
birds, London, 1879-82; and Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xix. 1891. 
2 This is Dr. Gadow’s view ; but two separate Families are decidedly preferable. 
