450 CORACIITFORMES CHAP. 
the anterior under parts are crimson, the posterior scarlet, these 
being divided by a black pectoral band, and relieved by yellowish 
patches on the sides; the bill is reddish-yellow, the naked orbits 
are orange. Tvricholaema leucomelan of South Africa is blue- 
black above, with plentiful yellow and scanty white markings, 
but white below with black throat. The forehead is crimson, 
the eyebrow and orbits are yellow, the bill is blackish. The 
breast-feathers have hair-hke shafts. Gymmnobucco calvus of West 
Africa is brown with paler streaks; having the bill and chin- 
bristles yellowish, and browner bristles round the nostrils in at 
least one sex. The naked head is blue. Sarbatula, of the Ethiopian 
Region generally, contains a dozen small species, which exhibit 
soft loose plumage of black, varied with red, yellow, or white. 
B. minuta, extending from North-East Africa to Senegambia, has 
the forehead scarlet, the rump and under surface yellowish, the 
bill black, and somewhat scanty bristles. Stactolaema anchietae 
of Benguela, and S. olivaceum of East Africa, are respectively 
brown with yellowish head and throat, and olive-green with 
those parts blackish. The bill is black.  Calorhamphus hayt, 
found from South Tenasserim to Sumatra, 1s yellowish- brown 
above and yellowish-white below, with black-shafted spiny crown- 
feathers, rufous throat, black bill, reddish orbits and no chin- 
bristles. C. fuliginosus of Borneo is similar. Jegalaema, Choto- 
rhea, Cyanops and Mesobucco, with about thirty members in all, 
extend from India and Ceylon to China, Formosa, Hainan, and 
the Great Sunda Islands. They are soft-plumaged green birds, 
having parti-coloured heads and throats tinted with blue, yellow, 
red, and black, or merely brown and white; the bill and feet 
are yellowish, greenish, or black. The bristles vary in their 
development. Psilopogon pyrolophus, of the mountains of the 
Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, is green, with a black forehead, a 
brownish head crossed by a greyish-white band, and a double belt 
of yellow and black below the green throat. The long nasal 
bristles are black, tipped with scarlet ; the supercilary stripe and 
lower eye-lid are green; the upper eye-lid is yellow; the bill is 
yellowish-green with black central band; the legs and orbits are 
greenish. The unusually long tail is much graduated, and has 
pointed median rectrices, while these are square in some ten Ethi- 
opian species of Zrachyphonus, where the tail is similar. 7. eafer 
of South-East Africa is bluish-black above with white markings; 
