Vi PICIDAE 463 
head, crest and rump, black tail, neck and wings, and dark brown 
under parts with white spots. Celeus ranges from Mexico to 
South Brazil, C. flavus being canary-yellow with brown tail and 
wings, a large crest of the former colour, and a crimson stripe at 
the gape. This genus, and the five following, are characterized 
by having the neck extremely narrow and compressed. 
Campephilus, ranging from the Gulf States and the Lower 
Mississippi to Argen- 
tina, and Jpocrantor, 
of Chili and Pata- 
gonia, are noticeable 
for the concave ends 
of their tail-feathers. 
C. principalis, the 
Tvory-billed Wood- 
pecker of the 
Southern United 
States—almost the 
largest member of the 
Family — frequents 
the highest timber, 
where, according to 
Wilson, it used to 
strip off cart-loads 
of bark, and make 
huge quantities of 
chips. It appears, 
however, that it only 
attacked trees infested by 
insect-larvae. When it was 
common the Indians used the 
head as a charm, and con- 
sidered that it gave them the 
creature’s courage. Its main 
colour is bluish-black with white wing-markings ; the crimson and 
black occipital feathers together forming a long crest. Both this 
bird and the Pileated Woodpecker of North America (Dryotomus 
puleatus) are locally known as “ Log-cocks,” with which name may 
be compared that of “Stock-eagle,” i.e. “Stump-eagle,” given in 
the West of England to the Greater Spotted Woodpecker. [po- 
Fic. 96.— Great Black Woodpecker.  Picus 
martius. <4. (From Bird Life in Sweden.) 
