CHAP. VII EURYLAEMIDAE 467 
hallux to the front toes, and Hleutherodactyli, where the hind toe 
is free. The former contained only the Lurylaemidae ; the latter 
the Mesomyodi (where the syringeal muscles join the bronchial 
semi-rings in their middle or lateral portion), and the Acromyodi 
(where they are attached to the extremities). The subdivisions 
need not be discussed here; but it should be noticed that, as 
opposed to Miiller, the attachment, and not the number, of 
muscles was the point rehed upon. Want of space forbids an 
account of the subsequent labours of Mr. Sclater,! Professors 
Newton’ and Fiirbringer,’ and others ; but the last-named no doubt 
influenced considerably the views of Dr. Gadow, mainly accepted 
below. This author* takes into consideration not only the 
attachment, but also the disposition of the muscles of the syrinx, 
and distinguishes his Passeriformes as (1) Passeres anisomyodae, 
where the syringeal muscles are unequally inserted, either in the 
middle, or upon the dorsal or ventral end only, of the bronchial 
semi-rings ; (2) Passeres diacromyodae, where some of the muscles 
are attached to the dorsal, and some to the ventral ends. The 
former of these groups may be subdivided into A. Subclamatores 
and B. Clamatores; the latter into C. Suboscines and D. Oscines. 
Even the groups (1) and (2) are expressly stated not to rise to 
the rank of Sub-Orders, while the Oscines and other equivalent 
divisions are of hardly more than Family value. 
The great number of species in the Order Passeriformes 
makes it necessary to treat the various sections less fully than 
has been the case in the foregoing portion of the work, while the 
Families are not, of course, on the same level here as elsewhere. 
1. PASSERES ANISOMYODAE. 
A. Subclamatores. = 
Fam. Eurylaemidae.—The Broad-bills, a curious Old World 
group, have been by various authors regarded as allied to the 
Rollers or to the Flyeatchers. They are distinguished from all other 
Passerine forms by the fact that the hallux is connected with the 
front toes by a vinculum or band joining the deep plantar tendons, 
and is thus incapable of independent motion. The beak is very 
1 bis, 1880, pp. 340-349. 2 Dict. Birds, 1896, Introduction. 
° Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Vogel, Amsterdam, 1888, 
4 Bronn’s Thier-Reich, Aves. Syst. Theil, 1893, pp. 270-273. 
