484 PASSERIFORMES CHAP. 
and is divided by Mr. Sclater’ into the Sub-families Furnariinae, 
Synallaxinae, Philydorinae, Sclerurinae, and Dendrocolaptinae. 
The extremely variable bill is short and straight in Geobates 
and Henicornis, Warbler-hke in the Synallaxinae, stouter and 
Shrike-like in the Philydorinae, extremely strong in Hyleaetastes, 
short and incurved in Nenerpestes and Phacellodomus, short with 
upturned genys in Glyphorhynchus, Xenops, and Pygarrhicus, 
very long, thin, and decurved in Aiphorhynchus, very long, but 
only slightly curved in Nasica, and so forth. It is much hooked 
in Ancistrops. The endaspidean” metatarsus may be long and 
slender, as in Sylviorthorhynchus ; stronger, as in the terrestrial 
Furnariinae and Sclerurinae; or shorter, as in the scansorial 
Dendrocolaptinae, which usually have large toes and sharp claws. 
The scales are almost obsolete in Furnarius.and Lochmias ; the 
outer and middle toes are partially connected in the Sclerurinae 
and Dendrocolaptinae. The wings, which have ten primaries 
and about nine secondaries, are long in Pseudocolaptes, moderate 
in Yenerpestes, short and rounded in Lochmias, and frequently 
decidedly abbreviated. The variable tail, normally of twelve 
rectrices, is often graduated; the shafts of the quills are 
stiffened and spiny in the Sclerurimae and Dendrocolaptinae, the 
latter of which climb and feed in Woodpecker fashion; in the 
Synallaxinae it is generally long, with pointed but comparatively 
soft feathers; in the Philydorinae it is short, dnwmbius having 
particularly sharp rhachides. It is also short, though rounded, 
in Yenerpestes, Coryphistera, and Limnophyes, similar but longer 
in Clibanornis, while it has the shafts projecting beyond the vanes 
in Homorus, Oxyurus, aud Sittosomus. Schizoeaca and Synallaxis 
have only ten rectrices, and Sylviorthorhynchus apparently pos- 
sesses but six, the outer being very short and the inner 
excessively long with narrow decomposed webs. Limnornis, at 
least, has the tongue bristly towards the end. 
The coloration is chiefly brown of various shades, often with 
the tail chestnut—or, rarely, the body, as in Homorus ; spots, 
striations, or cross-bars, of white, fulvous, or black oceur frequently, 
and Margarornis has pearl-like markings below. The rump or 
under parts may be white, and the throat occasionally exhibits 
a black, rufous or yellow patch, or the breast a chestnut band ; 
while black, rusty, brown, or grey caps are not uncommon, that of 
t Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. 1890, p. 3. ? Le. interiorly scutellated at the back. 
