VI MOTACILLIDAE 499 
curved; though it is stout, with very long hallux, in WVacronyz, 
NXanthocorys, and Neocorys. The wing is commonly elongated and 
pointed, with the inner secondaries reaching nearly to the end of 
the primaries, but it is shorter and more rounded in some species 
of Anthus. The tail is very long in Wagtails, but moderate 
in Pipits, being generally somewhat emarginate. 
Wagtails range over the Old World, but are lacking in 
Australia and Polynesia; two species extend to the extreme 
Fic. 108.—Yellow Wagtail. Motacilla ravi. x 3. (From Natural History of Selborne.) 
north-west of America, one is accidental in Greenland, and one 
is restricted to Madagascar. Pipits are almost cosmopolitan, 
though not found in Polynesia; only two forms, however, inhabit 
North America, while one is peculiar to New Zealand, and 
another to Australia: Anthus bogotensis is exclusively Andean, 
A. antareticus occurs in South Georgia, A. bertheloti occupies 
Madeira and the Canaries. 
Wagtails are generally black and white, grey and white, grey 
with yellow breast (or even head), greenish with yellow lower 
