512 PASSERIFORMES CHAP. 
and a white wing-patch; brown replacing the grey and black in the 
female. Some species are blacker above, one has a chestnut back 
and no black throat, another has both rump and tail black, and 
three have blue on the forehead and crown, one of these again 
having a white gular mark. 
ft. moussiert, linking the Red- 
starts to the Chats, is black, 
with orange-rufous rump, tail, 
and lower surface, a white alar 
spot, and white extending from 
the forehead to the face. The 
Robin, = EFrithacus — rubecula, 
needs no description; the Per- 
sian H. hyrcanus hardly differs ; 
the similar Japanese Robin, 
LE. akahige, has a grey belly; 
the Corean £. komadori is 
- _ orange -chestnut above, black 
ee ee ee ae Pioen- ad ehite peneatn. «ihe, Blues 
CUurUus, X oe 
throat, Cyanecula  suecica, 1s 
brown, except for a white superciliary streak, bay tail-coverts, and 
a bright blue throat with a central rufous spot, to which succeed 
black, white, and rusty bands, and a whitish belly. C. wolfi lacks 
the gular spot, C. lewcocyana has it white. Calliope camtschat- 
censis, C. pectoralis, and C. tschebaiewi, are brown or dark grey, with 
grey or black breasts, white abdomens, some black and white on the 
face, and glossy scarlet throats. Daulias luscinia, our summer 
visitor the Nightingale, and the larger eastern D. philomela are 
russet-brown in both sexes, with redder rump and tail, and whitish 
lower parts. D. hafizi of Persia is intermediate (cf. p. 506). 
Our Hedge-sparrow, Accentor modularis, is brown streaked 
with blackish, and shews bluish-grey on the head, throat, and 
breast ; but the Alpine Accentor, 4. collaris, which rarely visits 
Britain, has a white throat spotted with black, and flanks mottled 
with chestnut ; while their congeners exhibit rufous lower parts or 
pectoral bands, black throats, or whiter wings and tails. phthi- 
anura is grey, brown, black and white above, with the crown, 
rump, and breast crimson in one species and yellow in two: 
' The American Redstart is Sefophaga ruticilla (Mniotiltidae), the Cape Robin is 
Cossypha caffra, the Indian Robin Thamnobia, the New Zealand Robin Miro. 
