V1 HIRUNDINIDAE 5 
i) 
LoS) 
tionally square; while the lateral feathers may be almost linear, 
as in Hirundo rustica, or even wire-like, as in HZ. smithii. 
Chelidon 1s purphish- or bluish-black, or brown, having a white 
rump occasionally barred with black, and white or buffish under 
parts; Zachyeineta is similar, or greener and somewhat bronzy, 
in certain cases lacking the white rump, in others shewing white 
mottlings above. Hirundo is glossy metallic black, with a vari- 
able amount of chestnut or rufous on the head, rump, or lower 
surface; the last of these regions exhibiting much white or having 
a black pectoral band, while streaky markings are not uncommon. 
Cheramoeca 18 blue, black, white, and brown above, and white 
below with a black breast-patch; Procne is either entirely blue- 
black or has some white beneath, P. tapera alone being brown, 
with a longitudinal band of the same colour on the white lower 
surface. Afticora is blue-black or greenish above, black and white 
or brown underneath ; Petrochelidon is steel-blue with concealed 
white striations, the forehead, nape, rump, and most of the lower 
surface being chestnut, rufous, or buff, with or without stripes ; 
Psalidoprocne is uniform blue, green-black, or sooty, P. albiceps 
having a white crown and chin. Cottle, Phedina, and Stelgi- 
dopteryx are dull brown above, the first being white, grey, brown, 
or rufous below, the second white with longitudinal brown streaks, 
and the third white and rufous with yellow middle to the breast 
and abdomen in two species. The plumage of most Swallows is 
very metallic, and white spots are often prominent on the tail 
feathers in Hirundo, Chelidon, Cotile, and Petrochelidon. The 
female is duller than the male in Procne only. 
The range of Hirundo and Cotile is practically world-wide, 
reaching from beyond the Arctic Circle in summer to South 
Africa, India, and Brazil in winter, not to mention resident 
southern species ; no Swallow, however, occurs in New Zealand, 
nor is Cotile fad in the Australian Region. Four species of 
Petrochelidon ave found in America, two in Southern Africa, two 
in the Australian Region, and one in India—a remarkable dis- 
tribution. Psalidoprocne, Phedina, and Cheramoeca are Ethiopian, 
Mascarene (with Madagascar), and Australian respectively: Zachy- 
cinetaand Procne extend over the New World from its Arctic portions 
to Patagonia, Adticora from that country to Guatemala, Sfe/gidopteryx 
from Canada and British Columbia to Bolivia and Brazil. Chelidon 
is confined to the Old World, migrating in autumn to Central 
