534 PASSERIFORMES CHAP. 
smacking sound, others again have a sweet song. The nest of 
Pachycephala is a neat, though sometimes frail, cup of twigs, roots, 
and grasses, often placed on horizontal boughs, and containing 
three or four creamy or brownish eggs, with scattered or zonal 
umber markings and a few lilac spots; Halewnculus usually selects 
a gum-tree, and uses bark, grass, and cobwebs, laying two or 
three elongated whitish eggs, with olive, black, and greyish dots 
or lines; those of Oreocca are bluer. 
Sub-fam. 4. Laniinae—The Shrikes proper extend over the 
Fic. 119.—Great Grey Shrike. Lanius excubitor. x #5. 
Palaearctic, Indian, and Ethiopian Regions, and alone of the 
Family occur in the New World, Lanius borealis and L. ludo- 
vicianus inhabiting North America. The lax plumage is either 
black, grey, and white, or is varied with rich red-brown. Uvolestes 
has the feathers of the erown and neck lanceolate, and those of 
the sides long and fluffy ; Laniel/us is exceptional in being spotted. 
The young are browner, and are often transversely barred below, a 
fact also true of the Gymnorhininae. In the large genus Lanius 
are included all the British Butcher-Birds, Z. excubitor, L. minor, 
L. pomeranus, L. collurio, the Great Grey, Lesser Grey, Woodchat 
