ae PARIDAE Seb 
by bristly feathers, are exposed in Aerophila and Sphenostoma. 
Crests occur in the last-named and at times in Parus. 
The colour of the soft, lax plumage is commonly dull; but 
Parus may be glossy greenish-black and yellow, as in the 
Sultan-bird (P.  sultaneus) ; 
black with white on the 
wings, tail, or lower parts, as 
in P. niger and a few other 
African species; blue and 
white, with a little black and 
grey or a yellow fore-neck, as 
in P. cyanus and P. flavi- 
pectus ; blue, black, greenish, 
yellow, and white, as in the 
British Great and Blue Tits 
(P. major and P. caeruleus) ; 
olive, brown, or grey, varied 
with black, white, chestnut, or 
buff, as in our Crested Tit (P. 
eristatus); or lastly, the tints 
: 5 é : Fra. 121.—Great Titmouse. Parus major. 
while including but little x §, 
yellow or blue, as in our Coal 
and Marsh Tits (P. britannicus and P. palustris), may be greyish 
or olive on the back, with a black head, white cheeks, and buffish- 
white under parts, the former species having a white nuchal patch. 
Psaltria is brown, grey, white, and buff; Psaltriparus is similar ; 
NXerophila and Sphenostoma are brown, with yellowish-white, buff, 
or brown and white lower surface ; Certhiparus is red-brown, with 
a grey nape and dull white breast. -Aeredula, containing the Long- 
tailed Tits, is black and white with a more or less pronounced rosy 
wash, or may be rufous, or brown and grey, with pinkish or fawn 
under parts, two species having chestnut heads. Aegithalus and 
Auriparus are rufous-brown, yellow-green, or greyish above, with 
black and white, orange-red, or yellow heads; and are commonly 
rufous and white, yellow, or whitish below, occasionally with bay 
marks. The sexes are very similar, the young often yellower. 
Titmice are ordinarily non-migratory, Parus occupying 
most of the globe, except South America and the Austrahan 
Region east of Lombok and Flores; Psaléria is confined to Java, 
Acredula to the Palaearctic and Indian countries, Aegithalus to 
