VII PARADISEIDAE 545 
and square or rounded, as in many forms; or much abbreviated, as 
in Cicinnurus. Astrapia stephaniae has the two median rectrices 
concave and decurved over; those feathers in the males of Paradisea, 
Cicinnurus, Diphyllodes, Schlegelia, Paradisornis, and Uranornis 
exhibiting more or less wire-like shafts, which terminate in large 
racquets in Cicinnurus, smaller discs in, Paradisornis, They are 
broader, convex above, wavy, and horny in Uvanornis, and are 
curled outwardly in Diphyllodes and Schlegelia, while they cross 
each other twice in the last, but once in Cicinnurus.  Pterido- 
phora has an extraordinary streamer behind each eye. That these 
however, are by no means the only remarkable developments, will 
be seen from the following descriptions of the most striking species, 
all of which are confined to Papuasia and Australia, except the 
Moluccan genera Semioptera and Lycocorax. The feathering often 
extends over part of the bill. 
Manucodia and Phonygammus are the only Passerine birds 
known to have a convoluted trachea.’ 
Ptilorhis paradisea, the Ritleman-bird,” is velvety-black with 
a purple gloss, having the head, throat, and median rectrices 
green, the abdomen bronzy; the crown-feathers are scale-lke, 
and the silky flank-plumes considerably elongated. P. magnifica 
is somewhat similarly coloured, with a stiff pectoral shield of 
metallic green ; Lanthothorax and Paryphephorus, with erectile 
nuchal collars, are near allies. Seleucides ignotus the Twelve- 
wired Bird of Paradise, which has six long, recurved and filiform 
appendages to the -lax, projecting feathers of each side, is black, 
with purplish head, wings, and tail, bronzy back, broad erectile 
breast-plumes margined with emerald, yellow sides and_ belly. 
Drepanornis albertisi is rutous-brown, with green throat and ante- 
ocular region, white belly and dusky breast; the sides of the last 
exhibit dark-edged bronzy plumes, which can be expanded like a 
fan, succeeded by long grey decomposed feathers with lilac margins ; 
and small bluish tufts surmount the bare orbits and post- 
ocular region. Fualcinellus speciosus is black with rainbow-like 
reflexions; the broad plumes of the sides of the upper breast 
being banded with metallic blue and green, and having wide tips 
which open upwards into a fan; while the long pointed flank- 
feathers compose similarly coloured tufts. Astrapia nigra, the 
1 W. A. Forbes, P.Z.S. 1882, pp. 347-350; Beddard, Jbis, 1891, pp. 512-514. 
2 Not to be confounded with the New Zealand Rifleman (Acanthidositta chloris.) 
VOL, IX 2N 
