554 PASSERIFORMES CHAP. 
Sumatra, and Java, of lovely green and blue, or cobalt and ultra- 
marine hues, with some red-brown on the wing, a white tip to 
the tail, coral-red bill and feet, and—in two cases—a black nape. 
Our soft-plumaged Jay (Garrulus glandarius), with its black and 
white crest and wings, black tail, reddish-fawn upper and buff under 
parts, and patch of blue, white and black bars on the wing-coverts, 
may represent a genus ranging over the Palaearctic Region, and 
through the Himalayas, to the Burmese districts and Formosa. 
In Japan alone four species are found. Aphelocoma and Calocitta 
of the central parts of the New World; the Blue Jays (Cyanocitta) 
of . North 
America; 
Urocissa, a 
Magpie with 
red or yellow 
bill and feet, 
from India, 
Burma, and 
China; and the Central and 
South American Cyanocoraz, 
all shew more blue than Garru- 
lus, not uncommonly on the 
under surface. Perisoreus in- 
faustus, the Siberian Jay, is 
brown, grey, and olive, with 
Fic, 129,—Magpie, Pica rustica *é- uch chestnut on the wings 
(From Poachers. ) om 
tail, and abdomen, its congeners 
being plain brown, grey, and white. Lastly, Xanthura luxuosa, 
the Green Jay of South Texas and Mexico, is green, with yellow 
on the abdomen and lateral rectrices, and a black and blue head ; 
some species of the genus, which reaches southwards to Vene- 
zuela and Bolivia, having the lower surface entirely yellow or 
black, and others being almost blue with black on the head. 
The habits of the cunning voracious Crows, the gregarious 
Rooks, the astute but bold Magpies and Jackdaws, and the more 
shy or retiring Jays and Choughs are well known; yet the habit 
of posting sentinels in the Rook, the tumbling in mid-air of that 
bird, the Raven, and the Jackdaw, the scolding pursuit of intruders 
by Magpies and Jays, and the breaking of clams, bones, and the 
like by dropping them from aloft, by the Raven, Carrion-Crow, 
