VII FRINGILLIDAE S5 
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white plumage, that becomes black and white in summer. The 
Rose-Finches (Carpodacus) of the Eastern Palaearctic, the Nearctic, 
and the Indian Regions exhibit fine crimson or rosy tints; the 
Central and South American Pheucticus, and the Western North 
American Hesperiphona, much black and yellow; the Cardinals 
(Cardinalis), of North America, Venezuela, and Trinidad, bright 
red with black forehead and throat; Paroaria, which replaces the 
last-named genus southwards, somewhat like colours. Guiraca of 
most of America, except the extreme north and south, is mainly 
blue; Cyanospiza cyanea, ranging from the Eastern United States 
to Panama, is even more brilliant; while the Painted Bunting 
(C. ciris), of similar range, shews a beautiful combination of blue, 
Fie. 144.—Snow-Bunting. Plectrophenax nivalis. x4. 
red, brown, and yellowish-green. Volatinia of Central and South 
America is black; Geospiza, Camarhynchus, and Cactornis are 
the same, or decidedly dull; Petronia brachydactyla and Passer 
simplex, of the deserts from North Africa to Persia, resemble the 
sand in tint. The wild Canary (Serinus canarius) of Madeira, 
the Azores, and the Canaries—not to be confounded with 
the Cape Canary (S. canicollis)—is greenish above with brown 
striations, and yellowish below. Finally, many sober-hued North 
American genera, such as Pipilo, Peucaea, and Junco, lead up to 
the brown-streaked Bunting forms. 
The crimson tints exhibited by the adult male Linnet, when 
in breeding plumage, afford a well-known instance of seasonal 
change of colour. It is in consequence indifferently called the 
Red, Brown, or Grey Linnet. 
