INDEX 63 
ios) 
Turnstone, 276 | 
Turtur, 326, 334, 341; 7. abbotti, 341; 
T. aldabranus, 341 ; T. comorensis, 341 ; 
T. communis, 341; T. coppingeri, 341 ; 
T. douraca, 341; T. dussumieri, 341 ; 
T. isabellinus, 841; T. orientalis, 341 ; 
T. picturatus, 341; T. risorius, a cage- 
bird, 341; 7. rostratus, 341 ; T'. senega- 
lensis, 342; T. semitorquatus, 341; 7. 
tigrinus, 341 
Turturoena, 327, 828; T. delegorgii, 
343; JT. triditorques, 343; T. sharpit, 
343 
Turumti, 178 
Tylas,. 504; 505.; TF. 
mimicry, 533 
Tympanie cavity, 11 
Tympaniform membrane, 13, 21 
Tympanistria, 827 ;.T. bicolor, 339 
Tympanuchus, air-sacs, 201; 7. ameri- 
canus, 235; T. cupido, 235; T. pallidi- 
cinctus, 235 
Tyrannidae, 469, 473, 479, 494; habits, 
475 f. 
Tyranninae, 473 f. 
Tyrannulus, 474 
Tyrannus, 473-476 ; 7. pipiri, 474 
Tyrant-bird, habits, 475 f. 
Tystie, 519 
538on5 
eduardi, 
Vintornis, fossil, 465 
Ulna, 8, 8 ; its quills, 22 
Umbrella-bird, 481, 481 
Umbrette, 70 
Unfeathered spaces, or apteria, 2 
Uncinate process, of ribs, 6, 7; absent 
in Archaeopteryx, 23; in Palamedeidae, 
108 
Upper arm-bone, 8 
Upucerthia, 486 
Upupa africana, 397; U. epops, 396 f., 
396; U. indica, 397; U. marginata, 
397 ; U. somalensis, 397 
Upupidae, 390, 395 f. 
Upupinae, 399, 395 f.; habits, 395 f. 
Uranornis, 545, 546 
Uratelornis, 378 ; U. chimaera, 378 | 
Oriay 35:3 fossil, 321-< Uy arra, 320; UT. 
briinnicht, 319; U. californica, sub- 
species, 319; U. troile, 319 
Uroattus, 146 ; U. audax, 168 
Urabrachya, 577 
Urocichla, 521, 522 
Urocissa, 552, 554 
Urodrepanis, 569 
Trogalba amazonum, 446; U. paradisea, 
446 | 
Urolestes, 532, 534 
Uroleuca, 552 | 
Uropelia campestris, 340 
Uropygium, 20 | 
Urospatha marti, 380 f. 
Urosticte, 427 
Urubitinga anthracina, 168; U. 
167 
zonura, 
Vanellus, 268-270, 274 f..; V. cayennensis, 
275.; V. chilensis, 275; V. coronatus, 
275; V. cristatus, 275; V. inornatus, 
275; V. melanopterus, 275°; V. -re- 
splendens, 275 
Vanes, 2 
Vanga, 533 
Vaulted, of tail, 22 
Vent, 20 
Ventral, 22 
Ventriculus, 12 
Verreaux, on Secretary-bird, 142 n. 
Verreauxia, 464 
Vertebrae, cervical, dorsal, sacral, pelvic, 
caudal, 5 f.; of Woodpecker, 6 
Vertebral Column, 5 
Vertebrarterial foramen, 6 
Vertebrata, difference of Birds from other, 
et 
Vertex, 20 
Vestiaria, 562, 
564 
Vexillum, 2 
Vidua, 577, 578; V. principalis, 577 
Viduinae, 576 f. 
Vigors, on Toucan, 454 n. 
Vinago, 348, 349; V: australis, 349; V. 
calva, 325, 349; V. crassirostris, 349 ; 
V. waalia, 349 
Vireo, 536 
564; V. 
coccinea, 563, 
Vireolanius, 536; V. melitophrys, 536 ; 
V. pulchellus, 536 
Vireonidae, 536 
Vireoninae, 531 
Vireosylvia, 536 
Vizor-bearer, 432 
Voet, on Archaeopteryx, 25 n. 
Voice-muscles, 13 
Voice, organs of, 12 f. 
Volatinia, 585 
Vomer, 11 
Vorondreo, 378 
Vosmaer, on Secretary-bird, 141 
Vultur, 143; fossil, 145; V. cinereus, 
143; V. monachus, 143 
Vulture, 148, 149; Bearded, 150; 
Black (of New World), 138, 140 ; 
Black (of Old World), 145, 145 n. ; 
Californian, 139; Eared, 144; Egyptian, 
145, 145 n.; Griffon, 143, 144; King-, 
39, 144; New-World, 137 f. ; habits, 
137 f. ; Old-World, 137, 143 f. ; Pondi- 
cherry, 144 ; White-backed, 145 
Vulturidae, 137, 143 f., 150, 151 
Wagner, on Archaeopteryx (Griphosaurus), 
23 ; 
Wactail, 498 f. ; habits, 500 f. ; moult, 5; 
