144 A REVISION OF THE ASTACIDAL. 
with those of A. éorrentium, and differ from those of the other European 
species, as pointed out on page 140. 
Distribution. — Astacus pallipes appears to be found chiefly in Southern 
and Western Europe. According to Kessler, it is not found in Russia. Grube 
collected it in Lake Vrana in the island of Cherso, Heller records it from 
Greece, Dalmatia, the island of Veglia, Trieste, Lake Garda, and Genoa. In 
France it is apparently common in the valley of the Rhone (I have seen 
specimens from Fontaine de Vaucluse and from Lyons),* and has perhaps 
passed from this valley into that of the Rhine, where it is known from Lake 
Neufchatel (at Montagny and Neufchatel), and from the neighborhood of 
Strasburg. In the last-named region A. ¢orrentium and A. fluviatilis are also 
found (Lereboullet). The passage of the southern A. padlipes into Alsace 
would be facilitated by the Rhine and Rhone Canal, as Klunzinger has 
remarked.t} According to the older authors, crayfishes are not found in 
Spain, but it is certain that at the present day the market of Madrid is sup- 
plied with a species of crayfish from the neighborhood of that city. ‘ The 
crayfish appears to be unknown in the rivers Douro and Tagus on the west- 
ern side of the Peninsula, and in the Ebro on the eastern; but it is found 
abundantly in the Talegones and Escalote, rivulets forming part of the 
sources of the Douro, in the Henares, one of the sources of the Tagus, and in 
the upper part of the Jalon, an important tributary of the Ebro. Widely 
separated, however, as these three rivers become in their courses to the 
sea, both east and west, the rivulets I have mentioned as forming their prin- 
cipal sources all take their rise within an area probably not more than 
twenty miles square, situated nearly in the centre of Spain, and about 
forty or fifty miles northeast of Madrid. It is from these small streams 
that the Madrid market is supplied, . . . . and these streams are the only 
ones well within the borders of the Peninsula in which, so far as I can dis- 
cover, the crayfish is to be found. . . . . The peculiar localization of these 
crustaceans in the centre of Spain suggests the idea of their having been 
specially introduced, but experiments in acclimatization are, I believe, 
unknown in the Peninsula.” + 
Huxley tells us (op. cit., p. 298) that the crayfishes from the neighborhood 
* Gerstfeldt’s “Steinkrebs ” from the Rhone (op. cit., p. 577) is A. pallipes. 
Tt In the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia are specimens from the Rhine 
(Dr. Hallgwell) and from Paris (Guérin Coll., No. 284). 
{ Note on the Distribution of the Crayfish (Astacus) in Spain. By E. W. H. Holdsworth, F. L. S., 
F.Z.8.. ete. Proc. Zodlog. Soc. London, 1880, pp. 421, 422. 
