ASTACUS. 145 
of Madrid are “altogether similar to those of Britain [A. padlipes], except 
that the subrostral spine is less developed.” 
Crayfishes are also said to be found in the neighborhood of Barcelona, 
on the eastern coast of Spain (Gerstfeldt, op. cé/., p. 587). I cannot find any 
mention of them in Portugal. 
Astucus pallipes also inhabits England and Ireland, in which it is probably 
the sole species. All the English and Irish specimens seen by Huxley 
belong to this species (Huxley, op. ci/., pp. 288, 298).*  Bell’s figure is cer- 
tainly the same, and probably Pennant’s as well, although concerning the 
latter there may be some doubt. According to Huxley, ‘‘They are abun- 
dant in some of our [English] rivers, such as the Isis and other affluents of 
the Thames; and they have been observed in those of Devon;f but they 
appear to be absent from many others. I cannot hear of any, for example, 
in the Cam or the Ouse, on the east, or in the rivers of Lancashire ¢ and 
Cheshire, on the west. It is still more remarkable, that, according to the 
best information I can obtain, they are absent in the Severn, though they 
are plentiful in the Thames and Severn Canal. Dr. M’Intosh, who has paid 
particular attention to the fauna of Scotland, assures me that crayfish are 
unknown north of the Tweed.” § 
Crayfishes are found in many localities in Ireland, where they would 
| 
Perhaps they are not indigenous in any part of the island. Some remarks of 
Wm. Thompson ¥ point to the existence of two species in Ireland (A. fluviatilis 
seem to have been distributed to a greater or less extent by artificial means. 
and A. pallipes ?). 
A. pallipes is a burrowing species, being found in the winter, according to 
Huxley, in holes in the banks of streams. The burrows may be more than 
a yard deep.** In the neighborhood of Strasburg it is found in holes in the 
canals (Lereboullet). 
* A. torrentium of Huxley is A. pallipes Lereb. 
+ Moore, Mag. Nat. Hist., New Series, IT1. 289, 1839. 
+ There are specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, from William Stimpson, said to have 
come from the neighborhood of Liverpool. 
§ Huxley, op. cif., p. 288. 
|| Wm. Thompson, “The Crustacea of Ireland,” Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XI. 106, 1843. 
{| Op. cit., p. 107, foot-note. 
** Huxley, op. cit., p. 8. 
