XX INTRODUCTORY. 



beginning of the present century the last of the Bed 

 Deer, which once roamed through Bowland Forest, were 

 destroyed, and at Broshohiie Hall, the residence of the 

 Parkers (hereditary bow-bearers) is still kept an iron 

 stirrup or ring, through which all dogs permitted to 

 live had to pass, in order to ensure the safety of the 

 deer. 



It was very common in old grants for hawks (Pere- 

 grine Falcons, no doubt) to be reserved with the animals 

 preserved as game ; and Beck (" Hist, and Antiq. of 

 Furness Abbey," 1844) states that, at the second crusade, 

 Robert de Boyville mortgaged land at Kirksanton and 

 Horrum, and his cousin Henry confirmed the mortgage, 

 but reserved to himself buck, doe, wild boar and an 

 aery of Jtawks. By some ancient grants also recited by 

 West ("Antiq. of Furness," 1774), it appears that wolves, 

 wild boars, deer, falcons, &c., were common in that 

 district, and that Richard de Lucy, Earl of Egremont, 

 who was Lord Chief Justice of England in the reign of 

 Henry the Second, in a grant to Reginald Fitz-Adam, 

 makes this reservation : " Saleis mihi et heredibus meis 

 cervo et cerva, apro et leia, et arcipitre, quando ibi 

 fuerint." Leland, who wrote in the sixteenth century, 

 says of Salfordshire (" Itinerary," 1770, vol. vii. p. 49) 

 that, " wild Bores, Bulles, and Falcons bredde in times 

 paste in Blakele ; " and the pastime of hawking was no 

 doubt a favourite one, footpaths, called liairk-patlis, being 

 formed among the mosses of the Fylde, from which the 

 sport might be more easily followed (" Lane, and Chesh., 

 Past and Present," Thos. Baines). 



Whatever remarks have been made on the habits of 

 the various species are the result of independent obser- 

 vation, and in all cases have a local bearing. It 

 would have been easy to have doubled the size of the 



