CHIFFCHAFF. 23 



Leagram Hall, and is said to come most years. At 

 Grange it breeds regularly, according to Mr. J. B. 

 Hodgkinson, ^yllo has often shot it there in spring, and 

 on the Cumberland border, Dr. C. A. Parker of Gosforth 

 says it is found breeding. In its habits it resembles 

 very much the Willow-Warbler, but its nest is much 

 more difficult to find. The t\YO species are often con- 

 founded, though the call-note of the Chiffchaff is very 

 distinct, and the late Mr. Thomas Garnett of Clitheroe, 

 a gentleman who had an exceedingly good ear, used to 

 say that he could distinguish the difference between the 

 first and second notes, the " chift" " and the " chaft*." 



WILLOW-WAEBLEE. 



Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnfeus). 



Local Names — Peggy, Peggy Whitethroat, Wliitc Wren, 

 White Bohiii, Sweet Willie, Tomtit, MiUy Thumb, 

 Will(>tc-]]'ren. 



The commonest of the summer migrants, and abun- 

 dant everywhere ; usually arriving the first week or two 

 of April, but sometimes being seen the last week of 

 March. The majority leave in September, but laggards 

 often remain till October. It is remarkable with what 

 unanimity this species begin its song after getting to its 

 breeding-haunts. One day the woods shall l)e compara- 

 tively silent, and the next every hedge and ever}^ clump 

 of trees shall be full of sweet melody, the residents 

 vying with the newcomers as to who shall be loudest 

 and longest in their strains. It is a disputed point 

 whether summer migrants begin to sing immediately on 



