The Cane Grubs of Australia. 23 



The Pupa. 



The first larva pupated on September 10th, theu on October 4th, 

 10th, November 1st and 6th. In seven cases the length of the pupal 

 stage was as follows:— 23, 22, 19, 18, 18, 18, 20 days. 



The Adult. 



Unemerged adults were first obtained in confinement on October 

 3rd, but the majority emerged during November. Odd beetles were 

 caught at lights during December. A single beetle flew to light at 

 Kuranda, 3rd August, 1915. 



HAPLONYCHA t^p. No. 650. 



The Larva. 



Stage II. were o])tained in August. Of four Stage II. Iai"va3 

 collected on August 18th two had entered Stage III. by August 31st, 

 the other two by September 14th. Several Stage III. recently moulted 

 were observed in the first half of September. A breeding cage was 

 placed in the ground on May 21st, and was left uncovered for a few 

 days ; it was opened on October 31st when several Stage III. larvae and 

 adult remains of this species were found ; the cage was quite secure and 

 the beetles had evidently entered it within a few days of May 21st; 

 thus the larvai have reached Stage III. in less than five months, which 

 serves to show that the species has a one-year life cycle. 



Stage III. larva; have been collected by following ploughs in the 

 last sixteen months as follows: — September 127, October 16, November 

 31, December 1, January- April 0, May 1, June 2, August 52, September 9, 

 October 0, November 1, December 0. Of this number 8 only are from 

 volcanic soil, 215 from clay and dark loams, which shows that the species 

 favours the loam soils. 



The Pupa, 



The first pupa was obtained in our breeding cages on November 2nd, 

 but the majority pupated toward the end of that mouth and in the 

 beginning of December. In the fields the sole record is of a pupa on 

 November 19th. 



The Adult. 



Adults were first found in our breeding cages on November 12th, 

 but the greater number did not emerge until the beginning of December. 

 The first emerged beetles flew to light on January 5th, again on the 27th ; 

 after that date beetles were frequently taken at lights until the end 

 of May. An adult was caught at light, Halifax, Herbert River, March 

 26th, 1914; they were swarming plentifully around low shrubs, Kuranda, 

 at the end of February. 



HAPLONYCHA Sp. No. 587. 

 The Larva. 



Seventeen Stage 11. larva were collected in September, 1914, also 

 31 Stage III., 5 Stage III. in October, 4 Stage III. in November, and 

 1 Stage III. in March, 1915. A Stage II. larva foimd on September 4 

 moulted to Stage III. on October 15th. A recently moulted Stage III. 

 was noticed on November 6th. The life cycle probably extends for two 

 years. Of the 58 larvae collected 45 were from forest and fallow lands; 

 47 were from clay and dark loam soils. 



