The Cane Grubs of Australia. Tt 
Descriptions of Larve. 
Based on the full description of Stage III of Lepidiota albohirta. Waterhouse. 
XYLOTRUPES AUSTRALICUS Thomson. 
Stage I1I.—Greatest length at stretch, 83 mm.; width at base of 
anal segment, 20 mm.; length in normal curved position, 41 mm.; thiek- 
ness, 20 mm.; width of head, 12 mm.; length to apex of labrum, 10-5 mm. 
Colour creamy white, the last abdominal segment slaty or blue-grey, 
the whole body more or less bluish (this due to the contents of the intes- 
tines showing through) ; head dark reddish brown, also the peritremes, 
the stigmata somewhat paler, black in extreme centre; legs and latero- 
cervical shield golden brown; antenne concolorous with the head, 
mandibles black; maxille (except cardo) golden brown; maxillary and 
labial palpi concolorous with the head. 
Form curved, the body cylindrical, pointed obtusely, candad; dorsal 
surface convex, the ventral flattened, margined by a longitudinal fold and 
a series of segmental convexities; body transversely wrinkled or folded. 
Legs prominent. Epicranium punctate, the punctures scattered, small, 
largest toward the clypeus, becoming very small and indistinct far laterad 
and caudad ; without pubescence except for scattered sete along its lateral 
and caudal margins. Clypeus punctate, the punctures largest caudad 
but much smaller than the adjacent epicranial punctures; with a pair of 
setz on either side nearer its cephalic than caudal margin and a single 
seta on either side of meson, cephalic margin; clypeus nearly two and 
a-half times as wide as long. Labrum wrinkled or finely rugose and 
with indistinet scattered punctures; cephalic margin with eyelash-like 
sete, the eaudo-lateral corner with a rather scattered clump of bristles. 
Antenne 4-jointed (not counting the short, conical bulla) ; almost as long 
as the mandibles; filiform, the first three joints widening toward apex; 
the second the longest, a little longer than first or third which are sub- 
equal; appendix short, tubercular; fourth joint conical at apex, and 
slightly shorter than third, with the usual pustule-like spot; second jomt 
not thrice as long as its greatest width; antennze wholly naked. Mandibles 
distinctly longer than width at base (excluding retinaculum) ; the apex 
bidentate, the outer tooth broad, obliquely truncate, its outer angle 
acute, the inner tooth smaller and rounded but more developed than 
usual; a dorso-median ridge runs from centre of inner tooth to base of 
mandible, outside which is a groove running for three-fourths its length 
from base, the groove with a single seta in centre apically and bounded 
distad by a second ridge; below this ridge a rather broad sulcus with 
about twelve scattered setigerous punctures; a single long bristle at base 
of inner apical tooth, a small third tooth is present between the apical 
teeth and the retinaculum but closer to the former, this broad on left 
mandible, much smaller on right; surface shining, smooth, the teeth 
alutaceous. Retinaculum from dorsal aspect, left mandible 4-dentate, 
the proximal tooth thorn-like and erect, the others obtuse, the distal one 
massive, the penicellus in a short semicircle at proximal margin of retina- 
culum, nearly erect; right mandible, the retinaculum with two obtuse 
teeth, the proximal one massive, the penicellus arising from the proximal 
face of the proximal tooth; from ventral aspect, retinaculum appearing 
as one large tooth on left mandible, about three on right. Cardo of 
maxilla not much wider than long; the stipes compressed laterally, with a 
distinet ridge dorsad, this ridge armed with a row of minute teeth; 
