48 The Cane Grubs of Australia. 
XYLOTRUPES AUSTRALICUS Thomson. 
THE EGG. 
None obtained. 
TEE) TAR VA. 
DEVELOPMENT OF STAGES. 
The stages have been obtained at Gordonvale on the following 
gates:— 
Stage I. Stage IT. Stage III, 
July 27 June 26 May 1, 12 
August 4 July 24, 27 June 13, 26 
August 4, 6, 12, 19, 24 July 14, 27 
August 4, 7, 12, 15, 19, 25, 29 
September 1 
October 7 
November 25 
Also Stage HII. in confinement, throughout September, October, 
November, December, January, and also at Innisfail, October. From 
these records it would seem that the species has a life-cycle of more than 
one year. 
HABITAT. 
The larve are very plentiful around Gordonvale, in heaps of cane 
trash or rubbish, being rarely met with in other locations. Our only 
other records are as follows:—From grass adjoining cane, Gordonvale, 
November 25, 1911; from red soil (cane ?), Innisfail, October, 1911; 
from a garden, Gordonvale, June, 1912; from red volcanic soil, forest, 
Gordonvale, May 1, 1914. It has also been taken from canefields rarely. 
PMU Dag Ulevals 
In our breeding cages, pupx# have been obtained from November 18, 
through December and January, into February, and perhaps even later ; 
thus the pupating period is spread over three or more months. Of one 
batch of larve found on August 17, a few had pupated by the end of 
November, while others did not pupate until January. 
Larve taken from cages on November 27 had pupated and emerged 
by January 19. <A larva taken from a cage on October 29 pupated, and 
emerged on December 15. These records show that the pupal stage 
lasts less than seven weeks. The pupe are not enclosed in the larval skin, 
and lie in large oval cells. 
THE ADULT. 
EMERGENCE. 
In confinement the first adult was obtained on December 4, thence 
right through to March, though the greater majority emerged during 
December and the first half of January. 
Outdoors adults have been found on the following dates:—9th 
December, 1912; 12th March, 1913; 12th January, 1914; locality, 
Gordonvale. 
