The Cane Grubs of Australia. 55 
MANNER OF FORMATION. 
The pupa is enclosed in an irregular earthen cell, as in the Lepidiotas 
and others, but the sast of larva envelops it, as in Calloodes greyanus and 
No. 434. In confinement, larve have been found in cells as early as 
August 27, but they may remain thus some time before pupating. 
DeptH at wHicH FoRMED. 
Seceral pupe found in sandy loam near the river at a depth of about 
2 feet; one from same situation at i4 inches; one in forest, uncultivated 
land, at 6 inches. 
DURATION OF PERIOD ofr PUPATION. 
Tn confinement, pupze have been obtained on the following dates :-— 
October 21, 27, 28, 31; November 12, 19, 26; December 10; January 5, 
30. In nature, pupe were found on the following dates:—October 15, 
21, 25; November 4. 
THE ADULT. 
EMERGENCE. 
In confinement, adults have been taken from our rearing cages on 
the following dates :—October 23, 25, 27; November 7, 10, 12, 17, 20, 22, 
25, 28; December 8. Adults have been ploughed or dug up from eane- 
fields and elsewhere as follows:—October 21, 22, 24; November 13; 
December 16. Adults have been captured in the forest on the following 
dates :—October 28; November 20, 28, 30; December 10, 12, 16, 19; 
January 2, 7, 12; February 5, 12; March 10, 20, 29. One adult was 
found dead on ground in the jungle at Normanby, N.Q., February 5. 
LENGTH OF LIFE. 
The following table summarises our data :— 
Lot No. Number of Beetles. Found. Died. Length of Life— 
Days. 
il ae (unemerged) ..| Nov. 7| December 10 .. ac oe 33 
2 1 g (unemerged) ..| Dec. 5 December 11 36 ais 8 
3 2¢29 (unemerged)! Oct. 24 | November 2 (3), November 13 9, 20 
1 
4 2 Bi 2 Q (unemerged)} Oct. 22 | October 31, 24; November 4, 9, 13, 14 
EO; November 5, 1 Q 
5 ie (unemerged)| Nov. 13| December 11, ¢; December | 28, 39 
22, 0 
6 5 g 8 © (emerged) | Oct. 28) 4 g, November 3 ; Ueerd 10) ] pews) 
November 4 
ee Wate Su ieee 2 
2Q, November 6; 1 Q, De \\s 25, 41 
cember 8,1; Q | 
December 26, 1 ot January | 59, 62 
4,1 Q ; November 22 68 
7 1 g 1 Q (unemerged) Nov. 12} ¢, December 27; Q January 4 45, 53 
8 1 4 1 Q (emerged) | Dec. 12 | December 28 te as 16 
S) 5g 5Q (emerged).. | Dec. 19| 49, 5, December 29;-19, 10, 15 
January 3 
From these records it will be seen that the female lives longer than the 
male, 
