g^4 SOUTHERN YELLOW-THROAT. 



equally contented under the thorny cacti of Key West, in the hedgerows of New Eniiland, 

 or amid t1ie cold boggy lieaths of the Magdalen Islands. Tlie oi-dinary song of the Mary- 

 land Yelltnv-tlu-oat somewhat resembles that of the Golden-crowned Thrush, but has less 

 volume and the uotes are more detatched ; they also have in addition a rather liarsh 

 warblino- song which is uttered l)y the males when Hying through the aii- or when dropi^ing 

 downward after a short Hight. 



Tlie Maryland Yellow-throats are the most terrestrial of all the warblers, seldom ap- 

 pearing in trees but freiiuenting low busiies. The nests are placeil on tlie groimd, gen- 

 eral! \ concealed l)v a tussock of grass, often near a stream or otiier l)ody of water. Those 

 which pass the summer in New England arrive early in May and lay their eggs about 

 the fu'st of .Tune ; the xoung maybe found in August, and they all depart in October. 

 The\- are constant I'esideutsin Florida and breed there iu April. 



Geothlypis trichas ignota. 

 Southern Yellow-throat 



(xeotiilypis trichas ignota Chapman, Auk, Jan. IS'MK p 11 



DESCRIPTION. 



Sub Sr. Cu. Size and form, similar to that of tlic Maryland Yellow-throat Imt the hlack mask is 

 wider, both on the forehead and sides of neck, where it does not end as squarely as in northern birds, but e.x- 

 tends on in a puint which occasionally reaches the upper part of the breast. The grayish white line on the 

 head, back nf the mask, is usually paler and broader, while the color beneath is deeper. Tiie bill and feet are 

 large and the tail longer, but tlie first primary is shorter. 



OBSERVATIONS. 



As early as IS7S I pointed out the main difference between the Florida Yellow-throats and the more 

 noi-thern birds, and althougli I also indicated what are now considered sub species, and indeed, in some cases 

 specific characters in other southern birds at that time, in the earlier parts of the first edition of the present 

 work, then known as the " Rinls of Florida, " I did not name the foians so noticed. My reason for not so 

 doin'i was. that then the wave of con:ervatisin, which was sweeping over the ornithological portion of North 

 America was at its height, and 1 was then too inexperienced to attempt to make a stand against such pow- 

 erful and almost universal opposition which woulrl have then had to be met ; a change has, however, most 

 happily come and now he who h;is the most microscopic eye to note the most minute difl'erences between 

 local races or sub species, is rightly considered the best ornithologist, the one to whom scientists of the 

 future, in all departments, will be the most indebted. In this connection it may be well to call attention to 

 the Bahama Y'ellow-throat, I named Geothlypis restircta, in which, rather singularly the black mask is less 

 extended, being narrower on forehead and neck, but also pointed behind, while the colors generally are paler. 

 In richness of coloration G t. ignota resembles the Greaer Yellow-throat. G. rostrata from the Bahamas. 



The Southern Y^ellow-throat occurs in Georgia and Florida as a constant resident. Nests and Eggs 

 and general habits, similar to those of the Maryland Yellow-throat. 



GEOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA. 



Mourning Warbicr. 



UESCRIPTION. 



Sr. Cil. Sine, and general form, similar to that of the Maryland Yellnu-thioat. Coi.oii. Adult male. 

 Head, neck, throat and upper breast, dark ashy gray, which, beneath, is more or less mi.xed with black, re- 



