Suborder xlvii. Sulae*. 

 Fam. SuLiDJE. 



Suborder xlviii. Phalacrocoraces f. 

 Fam. 1. Phalacrocoracib^. 

 Fam. 2. Plotid^. 



Suborder xlix. Pelecani J. 

 Fam. Pelkcanid-t:. 



Suborder 1. Fregati §. 



Fam. Fregatid^. (Temperate and Tropical Seas of both 

 Hemispheres.) 



* Palate desmognathous ; maudible not produced and recurved behind its articulation 

 -with the quadrate ; no basipterygoid pi'ocesses; sternum not perforated to receive the 

 feet of the coracoids ; clavicle not anchjlosed to sternum ; carotid arches on cervical 

 vertebrpe ; dorsal vertebrte without ventral processes ; plumage of neck continuous ; 

 no bare tracts ; haHus miited to the second digit by a web ; front plantar not leadino- 

 to hallux. (Seebohm, t. c. p. 26.) On the proportions of the toes and other characters 

 cf. Stejneger, t. c. p. 188. Nest a rough structm'e of grass or seaweed. Egg, one 

 only, white with a chalky texture. Young, when hatched, fed by the old birds for 

 a long time. 



t Palate desmognathous ; mandible not produced and recurved behind its articulation 

 with the quadrate ; no basipterygoid processes ; sternum not perforated to receive the 

 feet of the coracoids ; dorsal vertebrte opisthocoelous, with ventral processes ; plumage 

 of neck continuous; no bare tracts ; hallux united to the second digit by a web ; fi'ont 

 plantar not leading to hallux. (Seebohm, t. c. p. 26.) Bill hooked at the end of the 

 culmen; tail-feathers stiffened. For other characters, cf. Stejneger, t. c. p. 190. 

 For those of the Plotidae, see Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 335 et seq. Eggs four, white 

 or light blue with a chalky texture. Nest generally a huge pile of seaweed ; on a 

 rock or in a.tree. Young, when hatched, naked. 



X Palate desmognathous ; mandible not produced and recurved behind its articulation 

 with the quadrate ; no basipterygoid processes ; sternum not perforated to receive the 

 feet of the coracoids; clavicle anchylosed to sternum ; dorsal vertebrae heterocoelous ; 

 plumage of neck continuous ; no bare tracts ; hallux united to second digit by a web ; 

 front plantar not leading to hallux. (Cf. Seebohm, t. c. p. 26.) Tail-feathers 24, and 

 soft. {Cf. also Stejneger, t. c. p. 185, for other characters.) Nest in trees or on tlie 

 ground. Egg, one only, white with a chalky texture. Young hatched naked, and fed 

 by the old birds for some time. (See also Mivart on the Axial Skeleton of the 

 Pelecanidffi, Trans. Z. S. x. p. 315 et seq.) 



§ Palate desmognathous ; mandible not produced and recurved behind its articu- 

 lation with the quadrate ; no basipter} gold processes ; steruum not perforated to 

 receive the feet of the coracoids ; clavicle anchylosed to sternum ; no complete carotid 

 arches on cervical vertebrpe ; plumage of neck continuous ; no bare tracts ; liallux 

 united to second digit by a web ; front plantar not leading to hallux. (Cf. Seebohm 

 f. c. p 26.) Tarsus feathered, as also the toes; tarsus abnormally short, &c. (c/*. 

 Stejneger, t. c. p. 183). Nesting generally in rookeries; the nest on rocks or trees. 

 Egg, one only, white, much smoother than those of Sula. Young, when hatched, 

 helpless, and requiring to be fed by the parents for many days. 



