144 Felix Bryk: 



termediate legs about the thorax or base of the fore-wings, 

 and they would fall struggeling to the ground, where 

 coition would take place. If this is the normal method 

 of copulation, and unfortunately my observations have 

 been too few to enable me to feel sure of it, then any 



Zweck organ which would protect the female from the attentions 

 of an unlimited number af males would not only be useful 

 but absolutely necessary. 

 Malvern, July 15. 1897 — The other day I saw a pair 



Kopula of Acraea encedon struggling together on the ground, 



the male clasping the female round the thorax from below. 



Unluckily a second or two after I noticed them they 



separated, so that I had not time to see whether it was 



really the sac which prevented coition. However I caught 



Sphragis the female and found she had the sac fully developed 



and hard," 



[77] 1906. Jordan & Rothschild, A revision of the American 



Papilios. In Novitates Zoologicae, Vol. XIII, Nr. 3, p. 437. 



Ge- Über Papilio columbus H. Seh.: ,,$. In non-virgin 

 schlechts- specimens the vaginal area is covered with a hardened sub- 

 apparat gtance, which is whitish and has a spongy apearance; 

 this coital substance has no such definite shape as in 

 P. froneus, but it is always constricted in the middle 

 and there are also several holes or grooves, which are 

 more or less in the same place in different specimens. 



f"?S' In virgin individuals a broad central process is visible 



''^'^ ■ ^ without dissection; this process Stands behind the va- 



Vagina ginal orifice, being somewhat curved, subacuminate, con- 

 vex on proximal side, hollowed out on hinder side. In 

 front of the vaginal orifice there is a heartshaped lobe 

 covered with minute hairs." 



Über Papilio agavus Drury, p. 439: ,,?. In front and 

 and at the sides of the vaginal orifice an irregulär ridge, 

 much folded, being semimembranous, forming a ring which 

 is open distally in the 'middle; within this ring and just 

 behind the vaginal orifice a short process, curved anad, 

 being convex ventrally, hollowed out on hinder (or Upper) 

 side; the membrane strongly chitinised, smooth, rounded 

 lobe laterally where this membrane joins the seventh 



Sphragis sternal sclerite; in a non-virgin female the central process 

 in enveloped byja hardened substance blocking up the 

 vaginal orifice. Anal segment with numerous short stout 

 bristles." 



Papilio proneus Hübn. (p. 439, 440) : ,,Genitalia dif- 

 ferent from those of the allied species, the female bearing 



Spliragis after copulation a kind of pouch, txternally visible ?nd 

 homologues to the pouch oi Euryades, Parnassius, Acraea. 

 $. In a virgin specimen there is at each side of the Vagina 



