160 Felix Bryk: 



examined the claws in the other genera mentioned, and find that 

 whilst the male Parnassius has unequal claws, thos of Eurycus, 

 Euryades and Amauris are equal. Thais has only a slight develop- 

 ment of the sphragis, and has unequal claws in the male, whilst 

 the genus Doritis has unequal claws in the male, but I can find no 

 secretion in the female. 



The peculiarity of the male tarsal claws is one to which I am 

 still unable to assign a satisfactory explanation. The few species 

 of the genus which have the claws equal, do not present ony other 

 feature which would serve to seperate them, however slightly, 

 from the remaining members of the genus. Moreover if, as seems 

 inevitable, we are to regard all the examples of the servona form 

 as of one species, we have in this one case an instance of unequal 

 claws appearing occasionally as on reversion, in a species in which 

 the claws are normally equal. 



Whilst the meaning of this structure must for the present 

 remain unexplained, a knowledge of it is of material assistance 

 in determining the sex of as specimen in the event of the abdomen 

 and front-feet being missing, as in a damaged example. In the 

 great majority of species the male claws are unequal, and thus 

 if a Single leg remains, the sex can in those species be determined, 

 Probably in no genus is the question of sex more easily decided. 

 The female cloacal valves are very different in appearance from 

 the arched and hirsute tergite of the male. Should this test fail 

 the difference of structure between the fore-feet of male and fe- 

 male is easily observed, in many cases even with the unaided sight. 

 Finally the tarsal claws are, as stated, a certain guide in the ma- 

 jority of species. Inspite of these facts, which are by no means 

 new, mony published works abound in errors as to the sex of the 

 species therein described, such errors ftdding greatly to the dif- 

 ficulties of the systematist, more especially in cases of unique 

 types difficult of access." 



[103] 1911. Conte Turati & Roger Verity, Faunula valderiensis. 

 In: Bull. d. Soc. Ent. Ital. Vol. XLII, 1910. (Vgl. die Original- 

 arbeit p. 189, 194.) 



[104] 1912. Bryk, in: „Soc. ent.", Vol. 27, p. 2 richtet an 

 alle Autoren im Interesse der Erforschung des Sexuallebens der 

 Parnassier eine Bitte : künftighin bei Beschreibungen von $$ bei 

 etwaigen ihnen ohne Sphragis vorliegenden Exemplaren dies kurz 

 mit der Bemerkung ,,unbetascht" hervorzuheben: 

 $ ohne Es handelt sich nämlich Stichels kühne Behauptung, 

 Sphragis es Werden $$ selten ohne Legetasche gefunden, weil etc. etc. 

 mit Belegmaterial zu stützen oder stürzen." „Beim Apollo- 

 weibchen fällt die Tasche niemals ab, wie ich nur zu oft 

 bei der Mnemosyne erfahren habe." Bryk erwähnt weiter 

 daß unter 10 ihm leihweise zur Untersuchung geschickten 

 $ von Parnassius apollo aus dem Altai, 7 ohne Tasche 

 waren. ,,Ein Umstand, und ich bekenne ihn gerne, könnte 



