APHIDS INJURIOUS TO ORCHARD FRUITS, CUR- 

 RANT, GOOSEBERRY, AND GRAPE/ 



CONTENTS. 



Aphids in general 4 



Apple aphids 5 



Quince aphids 18 



Pear aphids attacking the foliage 18 



Flum aphids 19 



Cherry aphids 22 



Peach aphids 25 



Currant and gooseberry aphids 27 



Grape aphids attacking the foliage 32 



Natural enemies of aphids 33 



Page. 



Control measures 34 



Spray formulas 35 



Spraying for apple aphids 39 



Control of aphids on plum, peach, cherry, 



etc 40 



Destruction of winter eggs 41 



Control of aphids on currant, gooseberry, 



and grape 41 



Clean culture 42 



The control of aphids, or plant lice, is an ever recurring problem 

 to the grower of orchard and bush fruits. Although cereal and 

 forage crops furnish perhaps the most striking examples of the de- 

 struction wrought by aphids, practically no crop is free from attack 

 by one or more of these small and delicate insects. During the past 

 decade especially, aphid injury to orchard fruits, particularly the 

 apple, has been on the increase. 



The present bulletin treats of the aphids injurious to fruit and 

 foliage of apple, quince, pear, plum, cherry, peach, currant, goose- 

 berry, and grape. Thirty-two species of aphids in all are discussed. 

 The more important forms affecting a given fruit are considered first, 

 and then follows a brief account of species known to infest the plant 

 locally or occasionally, and which growers should be able to dis- 

 tinguish from the more destructive species. In their life history 

 aphids are peculiar in msinj respects, and each species occurs in 

 several different forms; for this reason a short account of aphids in 

 general is given for the information of readers not familiar with 

 these facts. Remedial measures are described at the close of the 

 bulletin, since similar treatments are applicable, with some varia- 

 tions, for the control of all the species considered. 



1 Since the well known grape phylloxera [Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch)] is injurious 

 principally to the roots and requires control measures radically different from those 

 employed against foliage-inhabiting aphids, it is mentioned only incidentally in this 

 bulletin, although its galls on grape leaves are illustrated (fig. 23, p. 32). 



Note. — This bulletin is of interest to orchardists, vineyardists, and growers of cur- 

 rants and gooseberries in all parts of the United States. 



3 



