IMPORTAXT PECAN INSECTS AND THEIR CONTKOL. 



•The pecan nut case-liearer: Place of pupa- 

 lion in pecan nut. 



The pupa (fig. 2, at left) is broAni 

 and of the usual form. It is 

 rounded at the posterior end, 

 and here it bears a cluster of small 

 hooked spines. Pupation always 

 takes place in the infested nut 

 or shoot (fig. 3), and upon emer- 

 gence of the moth the pupal skin 

 is not left protruding as it is in 

 the case of certain other insects. 



SEASONAL HISTOKY AND HABITS. 



This insect has three distinct 

 generations during the year. 

 The larva; wliich have hved 

 through the whiter become active 

 at the time when the foliage ap- 

 pears in the spring and they 

 attack the young and tender 

 shoots, in which they tunnel by 

 eating out the interior, leaving the 



outside intact (fig. 4). The moths of the first generation, wliich are 

 the progeny of the moths developing from the liiberiiating larvae, 

 make their appearance from May 7 to 24 and soon after emergence 

 lay their eggs. The eggs arc invariably dejDOsited on the calyx 

 end of the nut, and usually at or near the 

 base of the calyx lobes. From 5 to 7 days are 

 required for the eggs to hatch. Tlie larva, as 

 soon as it gnaws its way out of the eggshell, 

 crawls to the base of the young nuts, where it 

 commences feeding. It bores its way into the 

 nuts (fig. 5) and as it feeds it webs together, by 

 means of silken threads, particles of frass and 

 excrement which assume somewhat the shape 

 of a tube smootlily fined with grayish white 

 silk. These tubclike masses of frass are readily 

 seen extrudmg from the base of infested nuts 

 (figs 5 and 6) . The larva period lasts from 22 to 

 29 days and the pupa period from 9 to 13 days. 

 Most moths of the second generation emerge 

 from the middle of Jime up to the first week of 

 July. It was determined that all mo ihs in a largo 

 series imder observation actually emerged during 

 the period from June 11 to July 15, but the 

 maximmii emergence occurred during the last Fic.i.-Thc pecan nut case- 

 week in Jmie. Second-brood ]arv» attack the '^'Sly larvr"" °"' 



