M‘Sweeny, on the Climate of Ireland. Ws 
763!1 The Black Sea, and the Straits of the Dardanelles, were frozen over. 
800 The winter was intensely cold. 
822!! The great rivers of Europe such as the Danube, the Elbe, and the Seine, 
were frozen so hard as to bear heavy waggons for a month. 
860 The Adriatic was frozen. 
874 Snow from the beginning of November to the end of March. 
In 991 The vines were killed by the frost; and again in 993, cattle perished in 
their stalls. 
1067 The cold was so intense that travellers in Germany were frozen to death on 
the roads. 
1124 The winter was uncommonly severe. 
1133!! In Italy, the Po was frozen from Cremona to the sea, the snow p adated 
the roads impassable, and wine casks were burst by the frost. 
1179 In Austria the snow lay on the ground until Easter, and the crops failed. 
1216!! The Po was frozen fifteen ells deep, and wine burst the casks. 
1234!! The Po was again frozen, and loaded waggons crossed the Adriatic to 
Venice. 
1236 The Danube was frozen to the bottom. 
1261 The frost was intense in Scotland, and the Cattegat at Jutland, was frozen 
over. 
1281 A vast quantity of snow fell in Austria. 
1292 The Rhine was frozen over at Brisach, and bore loaded waggons. 
1323 The winter was so severe that both horse and foot passengers crossed on the 
ice from Denmark to Dantzic. 
1344!! All the rivers in Italy were frozen over. 
1392 The vineyards and orchards were destroyed by frost and the trees torn to 
pieces. 
1408 One of the coldest winters ever remembered. Not only the Datube was 
frozen over, but the sea between Norway and Denmark, so that wolves driven from 
their forests, came over the ice into Jutland. In France the vineyards and orchards 
were destroyed. 
1423 Travellers passed on foot from Lubec to Dantzic, on the ice. 
The successive winters of 1432-1433-1434 were uncommonly severe. All the 
rivers in Germany were frozen over. 
1460 Horse and foot passengers crossed the ice from Denmark to Sweden, and the 
vineyards in Germany were destroyed. 
1468 The winter was so severe in Flanders, that wine was cut in pieces with 
hatchets. 
1544 The same thing happened again, the wine being frozen into solid lumps. 
1548 Between Denmark and Rostock, sledges drawn by horses, travelled over the 
ice. 
