On the Affinity of the Phenician and Celtic Languages. 29 
the bounteous islands, the island of rich earth, or fruitful soil, the land of love, the 
good harbour for ships, the harbour of refuge, the fortified depot for goods, the high- 
land tribe, the narrow district. Mariners are warned against other places by fearful 
denominations, as—the coast of death and evil, the gulph of the power of death, the 
gulph of cruel pirates, the deceitful invitation, or false bay, the land of robbers, the 
unhealthy country, the weedy river, the muddy stream, the quarrelsome people, the 
shipwreck rocks, the inhospitable coast ; and many others, all of which are appro- 
priate and descriptive of the places, too palpably to be mistaken, and too obviously 
Gaelic, to admit of question. 
It is now proposed to take a coasting investigation of the ancient Ptolemaic names 
of M. D’Anville’s Map of the world known to the ancients, commencing at the north- 
eastern point of the Arabian Gulph, or Red Sea, at Elana and Ezion Geber, a port 
mentioned in the Sacred Writings ; thence down to the Erythrean, or Indian Ocean 
by the Straits of Babelmandel, along the coasts of Arabia to the Persian Gulph, 
the Gulphs of Cutch and Cambay, and the Malabar coast to Cape Cormorin and the 
island of Ceylon ; then up the Coromandel to the Ganges ; and again, southward, on 
the coast of the Birman empire, to the Straits of Malacca, and passing Sincapore to 
northward, up to the Gulph of Siam, which appears to have been the farthest limit of 
Phenician navigation in that direction. We shall then proceed down the eastern 
coast of Africa, from Cape Gardefan to Zanguebar, an island a few degrees south of 
the equator, beyond which the names do not, as far as I have investigated, indicate 
Phenician origin :— 
Elana, a rumous town on the north-eastern branch of the Red Sea, in Arabia 
Petrea ; aed, the eye ; leana, a swampy plain. The eye or inlet of the swampy plain. 
Exion Geber—aron, bad ; zabac, dangerous. The bad or dangerous harbour. 
“ The ships of Tarshish were destroyed by a storm at Ezion Geber.” 
Sina Mountain—yin, round ; «, hill, or mount. The round hill, or mount. 
Madion, a town in Arabia Petrea, on the Red Sea ; mad, a field, or plain ; aojne, 
fasting. The unfruitful plain, or hungry plain. 
Pharan—promontory. The cape or head land of Arabia which divides the two 
bays or gulphs—one ending at Elana, the other at Suez; yayan, a turtle. The pro- 
montory of turtles. 
Phenicon, a town in the Gulph of Suez; rei, a plougher ; ojce, of the sea. Ma- 
riner’s town. 
Raunat, a town on the Red Sea in Arabia, in about lat. 26° N.; panad, a market. 
Place of commerce. 
Leucecome, atown in Arabia, lat. 25° N. on the Red Sea ; leoz, a marsh or swamp ; 
coym, a cover. The covered marsh. 
Latrippa, now Medina—ta, the place ; tyreaba, of the tribes. The place of meeting 
of the tribes. 
VOL. XVII. HH 
