SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 



3 9088 01272 7566 



Tennessee.— Bediord, Blount, Cocke, Davidson, Gibson, Giles, Greene, nam- 

 blen, Hamilton, Hickman (?), Jefferson, Knox, Lawrence, McMinn, Marion, 

 Monroe, Montgomery, Rutherford, Sevier, Stewart, Wayne, Williamson, Wilson. 



Texas.— El Paso (?). 



Virginia. — Brunswick, Halifax, Hanover, Prince George. 



W'^^' 





Fill. :?.— KRRiiuiicture.sof the iK'riodieal 

 ficadu: ^.twiK showiiitf rcH^oiit piiiic- 

 turc'S, frohi front and side, nud illus- 

 trating manner of breaking:; &, twig 

 showin.y- older punctures, with re- 

 traetion of bark and more fully dis- 

 playing the arrangement of libers. 

 Natural size (after Kiley). ' 



tilis cii'culnr will kov]) n phnr) 

 and assist the Bureau in (ixi 

 inform ntion. 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 



The periodical cicada is so well known 

 that a general account of it in this place is 

 unnecessarj'. When it appears in great 

 numbers it naturally causes considerable 

 alarm and arouses fears for the safety of 

 shade trees and orchards. The actual 

 damage, however, is usually slight, except 

 in the case of newly planted orchards, and 

 even here, by vigorous pruning back after 

 the cicada has disappeared, much of the 

 injury caused by the egg punctures (fig. 3) 

 can be obviated. 



Ordinary repellent substances, such as 

 kerosene emulsion or carbolic acid solu- 

 tions, seem to have very little effect in pre- 

 venting the oviposition of these insects. 

 Some recent experience, however, indi- 

 cates that trees thoroughly sprayed with 

 Bordeaux mixture or a lime wash are apt 

 to be avoided by the cicada, especiall}^ if 

 there are other trees or woods in the neigh- 

 borhood on which they can oviposit. The 

 most reliable means of protecting nurseries 

 and young orchards is by collecting the 

 insects in bags or umbrellas from the trees 

 in early morning or late evening, when 

 thej' are somewhat torpid. Such collec- 

 tions should be undertaken at the first 

 appearance of the cicada and repeated 

 each day. 



It is hoped that everyone who receives 

 ) lookout I'oi' swarms of this brood of cicndn 

 ug its range accurately by sending explicit 



Approved : 



Jaimes Wilson, i^ccrcfari/ of AgrioiNiirr 



Wasihnoton, D. C, April 2o, I!)07. 



