Capt. Sabine's Memoir on the Birds of Greenland, <^c. 549 



feathers tipped with brown : the bill of the immature bird has the 

 extremity yellow as in the mature bird. The wings of this species 

 extend an inch and a half beyond the tail: the legs are black, and 

 the skin very rough; they are feathered within a very short distance 

 of the knee : length of the tarsus only one inch and a half; the claws 

 are much hooked : irides dark brown in every specimen : the legs 

 and bill of the mature birds agreed in colour with the descriptions 

 of the authors quoted; the hind claw is sufficiently conspicuous, 

 though Fabricius says not. These birds are attracted in consider- 

 able numbers by whale blubber, and are therefore usually found 

 in company with the Procellaria glacialis; they are easily killed, 

 being by no means shy. 



22. Larus Tridactylus. Kittiwake Gull. 



L. Tridactylus. Temm. 502 — Kittiwake. Mont. Diet. 8f Siipp. 



Mature Summer. L. Tridactylus. Lath. Ltd. Orn. ii. 817. Fabr. 98— 

 Kittiwake. Lath. Sj/n. vi. 393. Br. Zool. ii. 186.— L. Rissa. Gmel. i. 594. Jrct. 

 Zool. Supp. 70. Biun. no. 140. MUll. no. l60. 



Mature Winter. Kittiwake. Arct. Zool. ii. 529. 4f Supp. 70. 



Immature. L. Tridactylus. Gwje^. i. 595. Mull.no.l6l. Faun. Suec. 55. 

 — L. Tridactylus. /3. Lath. Lid. Orn. ii. 817— Tarrock Gull. Mont. Diet. S)- Supp. 

 Lath. Si/?i. vi. 392. <^- Supp. 268. Br. Zool. ii. 187. Jrct. Zool. ii. 533. S; Supp. 

 70. 



It is expedient to distinguish the different states of plumage of 

 this bird, in reference to the authors quoted. Temminck is the 

 first writer who appears to have had a full knowledge of the 

 changes it undergoes. The mature summer plumage is wholly 

 white, with the exception of the back and wings ; these are of a 

 deep ash-colour: the black markings of the primary quill feathers 

 have been correctly described by Temminck. In the autumn, 

 the white at the back of the head and neck is changed into a 

 light ash- colour, which is rather deepest behind the ear, forming 

 the appearance of a spot : the small feathers under the eye are 



4 B 2 also 



