402 Verrill, JSTotes on Radiata 



Becund manner, at distances of a quarter inch to an inch, somewhat 

 smaller secondary branches, most of which again subdivide. The 

 branches and branchlets mostly arise obliquehr, at an acute angle, but 

 occasionally curve outward somewhat at the base. The branchlets 

 are from one to five inches long without subdivision, rather stout, 

 rigid when drv, irregularly compressed, often crooked, and scarcely 

 taper toward the ends, which are often even somewhat enlarged and 

 blunt. The cells are oval, a little prominent, rather large for the 

 genus, and arranged in quincunx, about three or four times their own 

 diameter apart on the branchlets, in four to six longitudinal rows, 

 forming broad, somewhat promment lateral bands of verructe. On 

 the lar e branches the cells are in many more rows forming broad 

 lateral b. nds; sometimes, on the same specimen, part of the cells are 

 prominent, while the rest are fiat. The median spaces are distinct 

 throughout, with a median groove that often becomes wide and con- 

 spicuous on the larger branches. 



Color deep bluish purple, or violaceous, occasionally reddish pur- 

 ple, sometimes with streaks of yellow, or with yellowish surface. 

 Height of largest specimen about 15 inches; breadth 10; diameter of 

 main branches '18 to '25 ; of secondary •12 to 'lo ; of branchlets '10 

 to •]2 ; breadth of verrucre '04; openings of cells -02. 



Spicula of several sizes and forms, with many intermediate, all 

 deep purplish red in the typical variety. Longer double-spindles 

 thick and stout, regularly tapering to the somewhat acute ends ; with 

 a narrow median space ; each end with three or four crowded whorls 

 of rough irregular warts, those next to the median space much the 

 largest, the others rapidly decreasing to the ends. Other more slen- 

 dar forms occvir, with distant warts and a mde median space, and 

 having only two whorls of warts on each half, the eiids acute. 



The shorter double-spindles are short, thick, blunt, with a wide 

 median space, which is bordered by prominent wreaths of large rough 

 warts, another much smaller whorl of warts is placed just outside of 

 each of these, and close to the ends. Many small, short double- 

 spindles occur, winch have only a siijgle wreath of warts on each side 

 of the median space, with a small cluster tenninating each end. Occa- 

 sionally compound cross-shaped spicula occur, which have the four 

 rays about equal, short, blunt, closely covered with rough warts. 

 Longer double spindles measure •132""" by -036'"™, '132 by '048, -126 

 by -048, -120 by '042, -114 by -048, -108 by -042, '095 by -036 ; stouter 

 double-spindles -120 by -060, -095 by -048, -090 by -048, -078 by -048, 

 •072 by -048, -OGO by -048, '054 by -048 ; the small ones '048 by -030, 

 .042 by -024. , 



