Verrill, JVotes on Madiata. 427 



Avard at a wide angle, not imbricated, covered with large, stout spin- 

 dles, with sharp ends, some of whicli form the prolonged lower lip 

 and project from the upper part of the verruca?, in the form of sharp 

 rough spinules. The cells are small and open inward and upward, in 

 contraction nearly concealed by the incurved lower lip, filled with 

 small convergent yellow spicula, from the bases of the tentacles. The 

 coenenchyma is thin, covered with large spindles. Color deep reddish 

 brown ; cells yellow inside. In life " deep red, polyps bright yellow." 



Height of largest specimens C or 8 inches ; breadth about the same; 

 diameter of the main branches, including verruca?, '30 ; of the branch- 

 lets at origin '25 ; near the ends "37 ; length of the longest verruca? 

 on the terminal branchlets '\5 to 'IS ; diameter '05 of an inch. 



Dwarf specimens occur only two or three inches high, with the lar- 

 gest branches about "25 in diameter, and the verruca? '10 of an inch 

 long. These grow in shallow water, in rocky pools, etc. 



The spicula are reddish and yellowish brown, mostly rather large, 

 rough, acute spindles, of which the larger ones are often bent, irregu- 

 lar, lobed, or with one end truncate. The longer spindles, when per- 

 fect, usually have the ends quite acute ; some are moderately stout, 

 others quite slender, covered on one side with small but very sharp 

 spinules, on other parts with small, crowded, rough, rounded or trun- 

 cate warts. When the spindles are bent the spinules are usually on 

 the concave side. The stouter spindles are quite irregular and varia- 

 ble in size and form, but are usually rather thick, often crooked, and 

 with one or both ends blunt or truncate, and very closely covered 

 with warts and spinules. The medium sized spindles are quite regu- 

 lar, slender, and very acute, wartcd like the larger ones. The 

 smallest are nearly white, regular, some acute and others blunt, cov- 

 ered Math prominent very rough warts, which are not crowded. 



The longer spindles measure 1-95""" by •450""", 1'75 by -425, 

 1-75 by -250, 1-62 by "275, 1-52 by '225, 1-50 by -375, 1-45 by -350, 

 1-45 by -275, 1-45 by '175; the stouter ones 2-00 by -750, 1-62 by 

 •750, 1-60 by -575,' l-£5 by -450, 1-45 by -450, 1-35 by '500, MO by 

 •475, 1-00 by -625, '600 by -250 ; the medium sized spindles 1-35 by 

 •250, 1-27 by -225, 1-15 by -150, l^OO by '425, -900 by ^125 ; the small 

 spicula -650 by -125, ^350 by •lOO, -325 by -100. 



Panama, in rocky pools at low-water mark, common, — F. H. Brad- 

 ley, C. F. Davis, J. H. Sternbergh ; Pearl Islands, — F. H. Bradley. 



Var. flabellum. 



Branches much more numerous and crowded, several principal ones 

 starting nearly together close to tlie base, and giving off numerous 



