Yerrill, JSI'otes on Radiata. 429 



and witliout a prolonged lower lip ; on the trunk and main branches 

 they are distant, small, and but little prominent. 



Coenenchyma thin, its surface composed of \ery conspicuous, stout 

 sj^indles, often larger than those of the verrucas Color of the branch- 

 lets and verrucas deep reddish brown, branchlets yellowish brown, 

 trunk and main branches yellow, tinged with brown. Axis horn-like, 

 yellowish wood-brown at the base and in the larger branches, darker 

 reddish brown and translucent in the smaller ones, light amber-yellow^ 

 translucent, and slender, in the branchlets. 



The largest specimen is 15 inches high, greatest breadth, across the 

 upper surface of the clump, 22 inches ; least diameter 16 ; diameter of 

 trimk 1'4; of main branches •'75 to 1 inch; of branchlets at origin '12 

 to '17 ; near the ends, including verrucse, '20 to "25 ; length of longest 

 verruca? '08 to "10 ; diameter '05 of an inch. Another specimen is 15 

 inches high, and the same in breadth. 



The spicula vary in color from brownish yellow and yellowish white 

 to deep reddish brown. The larger ones are mostly stout, relatively 

 large, blunt, and frequently irregular or crooked spindles. The longer 

 spindles are rather thick in the middle portion, tapering somewhat 

 abruptly to the ends, which are not usually very acute ; one side cov- 

 ered with small, very sharp spinules, the other parts with crowded 

 rough warts. The stouter spicula are thick and massive, usually 

 blunt or even truncate at one or both ends, but sometimes tapering 

 to blunt ])oints, often crooked ; some of the smaller ones entirely 

 lose their spindle-shape, even becoming triangular; others have 

 the large end forked ; while some are quite irregular, compressed, 

 sometimes as broad as long, one side divided into large, sharp, lac- 

 erate teeth or spines. The medium sized spindles ai-e more regular, 

 quite stout in the middle, usually tapering to acute points, one side 

 covered with quite large and very sharp spindles, the other with closely 

 crowded rough warts. Other still smaller spicula are quite slender, 

 regular, very warty spindles, light yellow in color. The smallest are 

 very small, snow-white, very warty spindles, some very slender, others 

 relatively short. 



The longer spindles measure 2-90""" by •650""", 2-50 by -500, 1-75 

 by -350, 1-57 by •:325, 1-55 by -S^O, 1-55 by -^iOO, 1-55 by -225, 1-50 by 

 •425, 1^45 by -350, 1-40 by -250, 1^27 by -300, 1-20 by ^250 ; the stout 

 spicula 2^37 by -650, 2^25 by -625, 2-10 by •675, 2-00 by "575, 1-75 by 

 •525, 1-70 by ^525, 1-62 by ^550, r62 by •500, 1-50 by '475, 1-35 by 

 •575, 1*07 by "375, "725 by "300; the medium sized spindles 1^07 by 

 •250, 1^07 by ^225; 1-00 by '275, I'OO by -250, I -00 by '200, -900 by 



