613 



Plate VIII. 

 The figures on this plate are all copied from photographs, enlarged 20 diameters, 

 made by the author from spicula prepared by him from the typical specimens. Only 

 the priucipal forms of the spicula of each species are represented, and especially the 

 larger spindles from the cells and coenenchyma. 

 Figure \.—Muricea acervata V. Figure 9.— if. robvsta V. 



Figure 2.— if. tuUyera V. Figure 10.— if albida Y. 



Figure 3. — M. hispida V. Figure 11.— if hebes V. 



Figure 4. — M. squarrosa V. Figure 12.— Jf. purpurea V. 



Figure 5. — M. crassa V. Figure 13.— if. appressa V. 



Figure 6. — M. echinata Val. Figure 14. — M. tenella V. 



Figure 7. — if austera V. Figure 15. — M.formom V. 



Figure 8. — if retusa V. Figure 16. — Heterogorgia verrvMsa "V. 



Plate IX. 



All the figures are copied from photographs made by Mr. S. I. Smith. 

 Figure 1. — Callipodium Pacificum V., natural size. 

 Figure 2. — Astrangia palifera V., from Ceylon, — enlarged 2 diameters. 

 Figure 3. — Phyllangia dispersa V., natural size, seen from above ; S'', side view of two 



corallites, natural size. 

 Figure 4. — Stephanaria stellata V., a small specimen viewed from above, showing the 



mode of branching; 4'% some of the cells, enlarged 2 diameters. 

 Figure 5. — Astrangia concinna V., a corallite enlarged 2 diameters. 

 Figure 6. — A. ITaimeiY., a small cluster of corallites, of natural size; 6a, a corallite, 



enlarged 2 diameters. 

 Figure 7. — Pavonia gigantta V., portion of the surface, natural size. 

 Figure 8. — P. clivosa "V., portion of the surface, natural size. 

 Figure 9. — Paracyathus caltha V., natural size; 9*, calicle, enlarj:ed 2 diameters. 

 Figure 10. — Ulangia Bradleyi V., a calicle, enlarged somewhat less than 2 diameters. 

 Figure 11. — Pteraster JJance V., dorsal surface; 11**, lower surface, — natural size. 



Plate X. 

 AU the figures, except 8 and 9, are copied from photographs made by the author. 

 Figure 1. — Fungia ehgans V., upper surface, natural fize. 

 Figure 2. — Another specimen of the same, lower surface, natural size. 

 Figure S.—Bala.nojjhyllia elegans V., calicle, enlarged 2 diameters. 

 Figure A.-Encope occidentalis Y ., a section through the center, showing the right side; 



4a, left side of the same section, — natural size. 

 Figure 5. — E. Californka Y., right side, natural size. 



Figure 6.— Another specimen of same, with the spine-* remaining, left side, natural size. 

 Figure l.—Clypeader testudinarius (Gray sp.), left side of a section through the median 



line ; 7^ right side of the same section, — natural size, 

 p'igijre i.—Alhpora Californica Y., one cell, enlarged 12 diameters. 

 YVmre 9.— A. renusta V.. one cell, enlarged 12 diameters. 



