284 Rev. R. T. Lowe on Melumpus, &c. 
the other side of the body; indeed all round the aperture of the shell. 
After this, there was no longer any appearance of an air-bubble, as the 
animal crawled about. 
In considering the foregoing experiments, it is observable, that the 
argument which might be drawn in support of the union of Melampus 
with the Pulmenea, from the habits, &c. recorded in Nos. 1 and 2, isneu- 
tralized altogether by No. 5. No. 3 is a strong proof on the other side: 
for there is no reason why a truly pulmoniferous animal should be sooner 
drowned in fresh than in sea-water: the fact is, indeed, not so. But it 
is well known that a marine Pectinibranchia does not long survive a 
sudden transition into fresh-water; and that the manner of its death is 
precisely similar to what is related in Experiment 3. In regard to 
No. 4, the supposition that all the species in the box belonged truly to 
the Pectinibranchia, seems to be the one involving fewest difficulties or 
contradictions; indeed none perhaps but what admit of explanation. 
In fact, two of the species, Littorina vulguris and Pedipes afra, um- 
doubtedly belonging to the Pectinibranchia, the survival of one only of 
two species of Melampus is no more strange, on the supposition of their 
being also Pectinibranchia, than is the survival of one only of the two 
former. And at least, the survival of Littorina vulgaris in the same 
box, and consequently under precisely similar circumstances, does 
away with the singularity of Melampus equalis surviving, when deprived 
of its native element, on the supposition of its belonging also to the same 
order. 
No. 8 affords an explanation of the remarkable appearance described 
in No. 7: an appearance which was at first, it must be confessed, rather 
puzzling. This appearance, however, it seems is only caused by the 
attempt to exclude the air, which the animal has accidentally taken into 
the cavity of the shell, as well as amongst the branchie, after having been 
some time out of the water ; as was in fact particularly the case with those 
of No. 8. It is very possible indeed, that the animal, as long as its 
ranchie are moist, can breath atmospheric air, and support life; as do 
certain Crustacea, Carp, Eels, &c. but the above appearance proves no 
more. It does not prove that the animal has not pectinated branchie : 
while the following experiments go very far to prove that it has. 
