et New Mone Acnrovurunat: EXPERIMENT STATION. 313 
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facility in Dine the Precision through the considerate courtesy 
_ of Messrs. Henry S. Fairchild and Trevor Moore, of Hammondsport, 
N. Y. These gentlemen are well known as foremost among the prac- 
tical and successful grape growers of this section, and in addition to 
an experience in vineyard culture from boyhood and youth (Mr. Fair- 
child having been engaged in grape growing since 1858 on his own 
land, and Mr. Moore having from boyhood engaged in grape culture, 
pow conducting and giving his entire time and energy to the personal 
management of his large vineyards) had the advantage of instruction 
and advice from our well-known Colonel Pearson, Professor F. Lamson 
Scribner and Professsor Viala, the commissioner sent by the govern- 
ment authorities of France to investigate the diseases affecting Ameri- 
can grape vines, during the month of July, 1889, during the prevalence 
of the black rot and brown rot, the latter being the downy mildew 
attacking the berry. 
Both Mr. Fairchild and Mr. Moore were so instructed by these prac- 
tical scientists as to the distinguishing characteristics of these diseases 
as to be able to recognize them upon inspection, and distinguish 
between them, and this knowledge was freely imparted to our party. 
They were also instructed as to the best remedies and preventives, 
which were applied with the thoroughness and intelligence which 
these gentlemen display in the treatment of their vineyards in general, 
and to which may be attributed the success of the treatments so far; 
and the writer is willing to put himself upon record so far as to 
express the opinion that when, if in any case the directions of the 
United States Department of Agriculture have failed, in cases when 
these instructions have been given, it has been because of want of 
promptness and thoroughness in the applications. 
The treatment has been as follows: Two sprayings with Bordeaux 
mixture, using six pounds copper sulphate, six pounds lime, twenty- 
two gallons water, applied in quantities of forty-four gallons to the 
acre of from 700 to 1,000 vines, through a Vermorel nozzel, using a 
horse-power pump with two sprayers, one on each side of the machine, 
each rigged with two Vermorel nozzles, one set to spray the fruit, the 
other the upper leaves. This required one man on each side of the 
machine and one man to drive, and enabled the spraying of from five 
to seven acres per day. Where the ground was too steep for the 
horse machine, either the Eureka or Goot knapsack sprayer was used, 
fitted with the Vermorel nozzie. This enables the spraying of about 
two acres per day per man. The copper sulphate used was pulverized, 
40 
