ik NEw Vene AcmovtroraL EXPERIMENT STATION. 335 
onan hboway mildew, brown and gray rots, are all caused by a 
single fungus known as Peronospora viticola. When this fungus 
attacks the leaves it causes downy mildew. When found on the 
fruit, giving it a light brown appearance, it is called brown rot. 
And, again, when attacking the young fruit, covering the 
berries and stems with grey-white mould, which arrests their 
growth at once, causing them to shrivel and dry, gray rot is 
the term applied. Powdery mildew (Uncinula spiralis) attacks 
the upper side of the leaves, and is seen in meal-like patches on 
_ the young shoots and fruit. It continues to increase in thickness 
until it causes the cracking of the berries and renders them 
susceptible to the attacks of other rot agencies. 
For preventing the growth of the various fungi mentioned, 
copper in some of its salts, either in a plain solution or in combi- 
nation with other chemicals, has been found the most reliable 
agent. 
To make this more plain, we i give the method of treatment 
that we should pursue in our own vineyard. Commencing while 
the vines were perfectly dormant, we should spray the vines with _ 
a plain solution of sulphate of copper, made by dissolving one 
pound of the sulphate in five gallons of water. We should next 
spray with Bordeaux mixture when the vines were in full leaf and 
before the blossoms had opened, and follow this with a second 
application in about ten or fifteen days, depending upon the 
weather and development of disease. After this we should watch 
the vines and fruit carefully, and if the disease continued active 
we should apply the fungicide at intervals of ten to twentysdays 
until checked. 
As the berries approach full size, and before factans to color, 
we should substitute the ammoniated carbonate mixture, for the 
Bordeaux. By this mode of treatment the spotting of the fruit, 
which is the main objection to the Bordeaux mixture, is avoided, 
and the labor of treating the ripe fruit with acid washes 
is saved. The failure to obtain the results expected in 
the use of fungicides, is very often due to a lack of prompt- 
ness and thoroughness in their application. It is hard to see 
the necessity of fighting an unseen enemy, but it should be borne 
‘in mind that the only safety lies in rendering the spores of fungi 
inactive. This is especially true in cases where the winter or, 
resting spores are abundant. 
