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338 Report OF THE ACTING POMOLOGIST OF THE 
known. The season of its greatest activity is during the cool, __ 
moist weather of spring and fall. It often nearly if not ee . 
ceases growth during the hot, dry summer months. Theease — 
with which the fungus develops makes it reasonable to infer that — 
the danger is not past when the fruit is harvested; but that the © 
disease may be transmitted from infected to sound fruits by kis 
contact in storage. 
Remedies.— As in the rots and mildews of the grape, the treat- 
ment for apple and pear scab must be preventive. No satisfac- 
tory results can be looked for after the fungus has developed into ~ 
active growth. For this reason the treatment’ should commence — 
earlier than is recommended by most workers, and while the 
trees are dormant, by washing or spraying the trees with sulphate 
of copper in solution, using one pound of copper to ten or twelve 
gallons of water. As the fungus is known to live through the 
winter on the branches, leaves and fruit buds of the tree, this 
early application is of the utmost importance. The second spray- 
ing should be made as soon as the first leaves appear on the trees, 
and a third as soon as all the blossoms have fallen, and it is likely 
that a fourth spraying will be necessary when the fruit is about 
half grown. After the second or third spraying, however, the 
periods may be regulated as thought best to secure the greatest 
amount of good. The fungicide which has given the best results 
after the first spraying is the ammoniacal carbgnate of copper. 
Formula for the fungicide.—* The experience of the past season 
would lead us to recommend using, as a convenient formula, a 
solution composed of one ounce of carbonate of copper dissolved 
in one quart of aqua ammonia (strength 22 Beaume) diluted with 
100 quarts of water. One and one-half gallons of the solution 
are sufficient to thoroughly spray a tree of medium size, and two 
gallons for one of large size. It follows, therefore, that four 
ounces of carbonate of copper and one gallon of ammonia will 
make 100 gallons of the diluted solution, which is sufficient to 
spray fifty large or about seventy medium trees once.” (HE. S. 
Goff in Seventh Annual Report of Agricultural Experiment 
Station, University of Wisconsin.) 
Another fungicide that has given good results is the “ modified 
eau celeste,” containing carbonate of soda. 
Formula.— Dissolve one pound of sulphate of copper in two 
gallons of water. In a separate vessel treat one pound of carbon- 
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