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340 Report OF THE ACTING PoOMOLOGIST OF THE 
headed borer are fastened by the formule beetle under the locas 
rough bark, or in crevices on the trunk, and sometimes the larger 
branches of the tree. In this climate they are generally deposited 
in the latter part of June or first of July... They soon hatch, and 
the young worms begin burrowing through the bark, and when 
the sap wood is reached, if the tree is small, they often girdle it 
completely. In larger trees they burrow deeper into the trunk 
as the larva grows stronger, returning to the sap wood again 
where between it and the bark they complete their transforma- 
tion to the perfect insect. They then eat through this thin are 
and escape to continue the work of destruction. 
The round-headed borer deposits its eggs singly on the outside 
of the tree near the roots. It then hatches and works its way 
into the tree in much the same way as the former, but remains 
longer in the sap wood before tunneling into the heart of the tree. 
It is also longer completing its cycle from larva to beetle. The 
time given by most entomologists is three years. 
- Remedies.— A wash of soft or whale-oil soap, made of about 
the consistency of common paint by adding washing soda 
and water, and applied with a broad brush to the trunks 
and large branches of the trees is a preventive; as they do 
not like to deposit their eggs on this viscid substance. A 
little crude carbolic acid makes the wash still more offensive 
to the beetles. After the borer has entered the tree the only 
effectual remedy is the knife and a short piece of wire. The 
trees should be examined the latter part of August or early 
autumn, and where there are indications of the borer, cut through 
the bark, and if the larva is not found probe with the wire in the 
channels made by the borer, and he will usually be destroyed. 
Attacking the branches.—The wooly louse of the apple. This 
insect is often found atthe base of apple trees and around suckers 
growing from the root, also on the trunk, and at the base of the 
limbs, and in wounds made by pruning or accident. They gather 
in masses having the appearance of cotton, or at a little distance 
may give the impression that the tree has been whitewashed. 
Remedies.— The wash recommended for the borer, if applied 
with a stiff brush, will be found beneficial. Kerosene emulsion is 
also effectual. Di 
The oyster-shell bark louse.— This insect is more common in the 
northern United States and Canada, but several inquiries in 
