New York. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 341 
; ieced to it hake been received the past year from this State. It 
appears in scales resembling somewhat the shell of an oyster, 
brown in color, and distributed thickly over the branches and 
trunks of the trees, often on small trees nearly covering the entire 
surface ; where so numerous they seriously affect the vigor of the 
trees, and in case of small trees sometimes cause death. 
_ Remedies.— The scale coverings serve as a protection to the eggs 
which are deposited under them; often to the number of 100 under 
a single scale. It also protects the young louse while developing. 
If the trees are gone over with a very stiff brush or old 
broom, many of the scales will be removed and the eggs destroyed. 
After this use a wash, as recommended for borers, or the washing 
soda can be used alone, by dissolving from one-half to three- 
fourths of @ pound in a pail of water, and spraying or syringing 
it on the trees. In the spring when the eggs are hatching, which 
in this climate will be in the month of May, or early in June, a 
spray of kerosene emulsion, or sour milk and water with a little 
kerosene added, will also prove effectual. 
On the leaves.— The insects most injurious to the foliage of the 
apple are the apple tree tent caterpillar, the forest tent, the yellow 
necked and the red-humped apple tree caterpillars; the fall web 
worm, the canker worm, the leaf rollers, folders and bud worms, 
the apple-leaf bucculatrix and the aphis. 
Remedies.— The caterpillars and web worms can be easily con- 
trolled by tearing out the nests, when the worms are massed in 
them, and crushing, or by spraying the nests and adjacent branches 
with Paris green and water. Leaf rollers, folders and bud worms 
- ean be controlled by the use of the spray also. The canker 
worm is a more formidable enemy, but with a thorough applica- 
tion of proper and simple remedies it can be subdued. As the 
female moth is wingless its movements are necessarily very slow: 
and it can be easily captured while crawling up the trunk of the 
trees by bands of*paper or thin cloth tied securely around the tree 
and smeared on the under side with coal tar or printers’ ink. These 
bands should be taken off and the tar or ink renewed as often as it 
becomes dry. A large percentage of the larva of the moths that 
- escape these traps can be destroyed by spraying the trees with Paris 
green and water. If the larva have been permitted to feed on the 
trees and the caterpillars enter the ground to complete their trans- 
formation into the perfect insect, the ground should be worked very 
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