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342 REporT OF THE ACTING PoMOLOGIST OF THE 
thoroughly around the trees to the depth of about six inches, as 
by this means many of the tender pupa will be crushed. wkd 
The Apple-tree Aphis (Aphis mali, Fabr.).— This little pest appears 
so early in the season, when the trees are sending out the first 
tender leaves, that much greater injury is done the tree from the : 
attacks of the louse than is usually recognized. They suck from | 
the tender foliage the sap contained in the leaves, causing them 
to curl, and when badly infested, to wither and drop off. They 
should therefore be destroyed as quickly as possible after their — 
appearance. 
Habits of the Aphis.—In order to successfully deal with plant 
lice, it is well to keep in mind some of the main points in their 
life history. The first to be considered is the eggs. These can 
be found during the winter attached to the branches,.and in the 
erevices of the bark, and especially around the buds, where they 
were deposited the previous fall. They are oval in shape, shiny 
black in color. They can be seen with the eye on close inspection, 
but with the aid of a common magnifying glass they are easily 
‘detected. As soon as the buds begin to expand in the spring 
these eggs hatch out and the lice begin to feed by inserting their 
beaks and drawing the juice from the tender foliage. 
The first broods of the aphis. are all females. These mature in 
ten or twelve days and commence the reproduction of living young. 
These broods again mature in about the same length of time 
and continue to multiply their species at about the same ratio. 
This continues until the aphis become simply innumerable. 
Occasionally winged females appear and by distributing them- 
selves on adjacent trees form new colonies. Toward the latter 
part of the season males begin to appear and a new stock of eges 
are deposited by the females for the coming year. 
Remedies.— The first should be preventive. By using a wash 
for the trunks and larger branches, applied with a stiff brush, the 
gs deposited on these will be crushed or otherwise destroyed. 
ee of the alkaline washes, some of which have been referred to, 
will answer the purpose. For the smaller limbs, not conveniently 
washed, it is necessary to resort to spraying with some substance 
that will penetrate the ege covering. Kerosene emulsion has 
been used with good results for this purpose, and also for spray- 
ing the trees later in the season to destroy the remnant hatched 
from eggs that were not reached by the first application. A 
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