New Yorx AGricuttTuraL Experiment Sration. 348 
~ eonyenient formula for the emulsion is one quart of soft, or one- 
quarter of a pound of hard, soap dissolved in two quarts of 
boiling water. After the soap is all dissolved stir in one pint 
of kerosene, while the mixture is still hot. The whole should 
then be thoroughly churned by passing the mixture through a 
force pump until a perfect emulsion is formed. When ready to 
use stir in enough water to make two gallons. In order to insure 
success in the use of the remedy it should be applied on the first 
signs of the appearance of the lice. As the emulsion kills by 
contact better results will be obtained before the leaves curl, 
_ thereby offering protection to the aphis. 
Injury to the fruit. The insects that work the greatest injury 
to the fruit of the apple are the codling moth, the apple curculio 
and the apple maggot. 
The codling moth begins to make its appearance about the time 
of the opening of the apple blossoms. As the moth works at 
night it is seldom seen, but. the work of the destructive little pest 
is too well known to need description. The. eggs are laid singly, 
generally i in the calyx of the fruitas it is justforming. It hatches 
in about a week and the worm at once begins to eat its way into 
the fruit. In about four weeks the first brood attain to maturity 
and the fruit begins to fall to the ground. The worm generally 
escapes before the fruit falls, but not always. In either case the 
worm generally finds its way to the trunk of the tree, where it 
conceals itself under the rough bark, and spins a tough silken 
covering to which are attached pieces of bark or other debris that 
may come in their way for the purpose of concealment. The 
change to the chrysalis takes place in about three days, and in 
about two weeks the moth from this first br oon escapes to continue 
the work. 
The apple curculio.— This is a beetle a little smaller than the 
plum curculio. It isdark brownin color, and can be distinguished 
from the plum curculio by its long slim snout, which in the female 
is as long as the body and in the male about half the length. In 
neither can they be folded under the body as can those of many 
of the other species of curculio. 
It is a native American pest, and was originally confined to the 
wild crabs and haws. It is single brooded and can be found 
within the fruit in all stages of development, from the middle of 
June to the middle of September. It injures the fruit by,making 
