130 Mr. H. W. Bates on the Nymphaline 
tubular nervule (with an angle in the median nervure to receive this 
nervule), that is seen again only in the genera of the Morpho group, 
which, to all appearance, lie very widely apart from Argynnis. 
These three Argynnite genera differ also from all the rest of the 
Nymphaline in the claw-joint of the tarsi being free from appendages, 
and in the claws themselves being long and nearly straight, instead 
of strongly curved, as is usual in the subfamily. The Nymphaline, 
therefore, would seem to be divisible into a rather large number of 
minor groups, characterized by modifications in the neuration, form of 
palpi, antenne, legs, and larvee, and not into the two or three primary 
sections which some authors have attempted to establish. 
But if the classification of the genera be thus a matter of great 
difficulty, the definition of the genera themselves is a very easy task ; 
for this highly beautiful assemblage of insects is one of those groups 
which nature seems to have modelled on a large number of sub- © 
ordinate types, and in effecting this has obliterated those marks 
which usually serve to link genera together in wider groups. The 
members of each genus retain very generally a common facies, owing 
to the shape and style of coloration of the wings being persistent 
throughout a series of species, which, oftener than is usual in groups 
of this extent, are demarcated by these features from the members 
of other genera. In passing the Amazonian genera and species in 
review, I shall follow the example of the latest and best authorities 
in this family, by treating the suite of genera as a connected whole, 
classing them simply into Nymphalitee and Morphite. The further 
division of the subfamily into a number of minor sections, which I 
haye mentioned as possible, cannot satisfactorily be done in a faunistic 
work, but must be deferred until the Nymphalide of the whole world 
can be examined. 
The subfamily Nymphaline is well represented in the forest-plains 
of the Amazons, 41 genera and about 160 species having been found 
in this region by myself *. No less than 17 Tropical-American genera, 
however, do not occur in this low equatorial wooded region. These 
are— 
Clothilda. Cybdelis. Lucinia. 
Gnathotriche. Epiphile. Amphirene, 
Synchloe. Heematera. Smyrna. 
Morpheis. Batesia. Pycina. 
Eurema. Calliteenia. Cymatogramma. 
Pyrameis. Perisama. 
* Eighty-one of these were new to science when I sent them to Europe. 
