286 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
are common among the low scraggly firs and spruces, or fly about 
overhead singing. Lincoln’s Sparrows occur in small numbers along 
the edges of open barrens or near swamps, and Fox Sparrows and 
Alice’s Thrushes sing from the fir thickets. Along the courses of 
streams in the tangles of alder and willow, an occasional pair of Ten- 
nessee Warblers is established and Wilson’s Warblers delight in simi- 
lar situations as well as in the low second growth of bushes and young 
evergreens that follows a clearing of the original forest. 
The following fifteen species, found breeding in Labrador, may 
fairly be considered as typical Hudsonian birds: Willow Ptarmigan, 
Pigeon Hawk, Richardson’s Owl, American Hawk Owl, Hoary Red- 
poll, Common Redpoll, White-crowned Sparrow, Tree Sparrow, 
Lincoln’s Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Northern Shrike, Tennessee War- 
bler, Wilson’s Warbler, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Alice’s Thrush. 
The northern limits of the so called Canadian zone are difficult to 
fix in Labrador. A number of land birds that are most common in 
the Canadian zone extend their range northward (often more or less 
sporadically as in favored valleys or sheltered places) so that they 
occur in territory whose inhabitants are for the greater part typical 
Hudsonian species. The following 22 species represent this class of 
birds whose range includes both the Canadian zone and more or less, 
as the case may be, of the Hudsonian: Spruce Grouse, Canadian 
Ruffed Grouse, Goshawk, Labrador Great Horned Owl, Arctic and 
American Three-toed Woodpeckers, Labrador Jay, Rusty Grackle, 
Canadian Pine Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, White-throated Sparrow, 
Slate-colored Junco, Myrtle Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, Black- 
poll Warbler, Yellow Palm Warbler, Northern Water-Thrush, Winter 
Wren, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Hudsonian Chickadee, Golden- 
crowned Kinglet, Olive-backed Thrush. Of these the White- 
throated Sparrow, Junco, Myrtle, Bay-breasted, and Yellow Palm 
Warblers, Water-Thrush, Winter Wren, Red-breasted Nuthatch, 
Golden-crowned Kinglet, and Olive-backed Thrush are more Canadian 
in their tendency and do not appear to go much farther north than the 
southernmost part of the Labrador peninsula, while others, as the 
Spruce Grouse, Goshawk, Labrador Jay, Rusty Grackle, Canadian 
Pine Grosbeak, and Black-poll Warbler extend more into the Hud- 
sonian zone and occur over much more of the small tree growth. 
The following 11 species are more typically Canadian, and barely 
reach the southern portion of Labrador, where they occur in favor- 
