[37] 



however, very distinct, and some of its characteristic birds, 

 for example Empi'donax 7ninimus and Compsothlypis americatta, 

 may also be found where the prevailing species are Carolinian. 

 The parts of the Virginias included in it are portions of the Blue 

 Ridge with its plateau counties of Flo3'd, Carroll and Grayson 

 and a large part of tiie mountain divisions of Appalachia and 

 Trans-Appalachia with the most elevated districts of the Valley. 

 Above this elevation, the fauna is Canadian characterized by the 

 occurrence of Dendrolca ccernlescens^ Dendroica blackburnioe^ 

 Dendroica virens^ Sylvania canadensis^ Troglodytes hyemalis^ 

 yunco hiemalis and Regulus satrapa. 



This fauna, with but little doubt, comprises the loftiest sum- 

 mits of the Blue Ridge and its offshoots; the high plateau 

 covered with spruce and white pine of the sources of the 

 Cheat and Potomac rivers in Randolph and Grant Counties, 

 West Virginia', extending southward on the mountains into 

 Pocahontas and Greenbrier, with much of the neighboring 

 counties of Highland and Pendleton ; part of the Great North 

 Mountain belt west of the Valley between Montgomery and 

 Shenandoah Counties, Va., and the tops of the higher moun- 

 tains of Giles, Bland, Tazewell, Russell, Smith, Grayson and 

 other counties. Such mountains, for example, are Humpback 

 Mountain and the Peaks of Otter in the Blue Ridge, the Buffalo 

 in Floyd County, the Balsam and White Top before mentioned 

 as the highest in Virginia, Elliot's Knob in Augusta County, the 

 Salt Pond Mountain in Giles, Bear Town Mountain of the 

 Clinch Range in Tazewell County, Paddy Knob at the south- 

 west corner of Highland, and in West Virginia, Panther Knob 

 in Pendleton County, Keeney's Knob between Summers and 

 Greenbrier, Haystack Knob between Randolph and Pocahontas 

 and the Cherry Pond and Guyandotte Moinitains between Ra- 

 leigh and Wyoming. 



It is to he understood, that these faunal areas which have been 

 described are not to be defined with so great a degree of exact- 

 ness, within limits of either altitude or temperature, as has been 

 here recorded, especiall}' where they come together on the moun- 

 tains, and moreover in the absence of more extensive observations, 

 are, to a considerable degree, provisional. As Mr. William Brew- 



