[7ol 



177. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus. Yellow-headed 

 Blackbird. — Accidental visitor from the West. Dr. J. R. 

 Mathers took one in the spring of iSSS near Buckhannon, Upshut 

 County, West Virginia. 



1 78. Agelaius phoeniceus. Red-winged Blackbird. — 

 Common summer resident in the Virginias in swamps and marshes 

 and is found in suitable localities even in the mountains ; in some 

 districts it is nearly resident ; breeds. Found in early autumn 

 in large flocks, in marshes along the large rivers. 



179. Sturnella magna. Meadow Lark. — Common resi- 

 dent of the Virginias ; breeds. 



180. Icterus spurius. Orchard Oriole. — Not uncom- 

 mon summer resident of the Virginias, chiefly migratory in the 

 warmer districts ; arrives the latter part of April or early in May ; 

 breeds. It was unusually abundant in the city of Washington in 

 the spring of 1S82. 



181. Icterus galbula. Baltimore Oriole. — Common 

 summer resident of the Virginias, and breeds, but more numer- 

 ous in tlie migrations. Arrives the latter part of April and leaves 

 in September. 



182. Scolecophagus carolinus. Rusty Blackbird. — 

 Common winter resident of the Tidewater region near Washing- 

 ton ; found ordinarily in flocks. It is not common in the interior. 

 I have met with it once in Albemarle County, and Mr. E. A. 

 Brooks has found it rare in Upshur County, West Virginia. It has 

 also been observed in Virginia by Lieutenant Wirt Robinson. 



183. Quiscalus quiscula. Purple Crackle; Crow 

 Blackbird. — Common summer resident (nearly resident in 

 the warmer districts), usually arriving in March ; breeds. More 

 numerous in the migrations. 



184. Quiscalus quiscula seneus. Broxzed Crackle. — 

 The Crackles west of the Alleghanies arc usually found to be of 

 this sub-species. Mr. Brewster found typical specimens at Pe- 

 troleum, West Virginia, where they were common and breeding. 

 A specimen has been taken at Fall's Church, Virginia, and one near 

 Buckhannon, West Virginia. Individuals are frequently found in 

 the neighborhood of Washington, but are not known to breed there 

 (The Auk, Vol. V, p. 19). 



