cherrie;: ornithology of the Orinoco region. 317 



The name Piapoco is applied to the toucans of the region collec- 

 tively. 



Key to the Genera, Species and Subspecies oe Rhamphastidae. 



a. Nostrils opening behind the casque (Ramphastos). 



b. Upper tail-coverts lemon yellow, general color of bill reddish Ramphastos monilis. 



v. Upper tail-coverts red (scarlet) or orange or in combination; general 

 color of bill blackish. 



c. Upper tail-coverts uniform scarlet Ramphastos vitellinus. 



c' . Upper cail-coverts not uniform scarlet. 



d. Throat white, blending into yellow, varying inshadefrom lemon 

 to orange, followed by a scarlet band, the scarlet extending 



centrally back onto the breast Ramphastos osculans. 



d'. Throat and neck white or white with lemon yellow tinge on neck. 

 e. Smaller, bill less than 17 cm. Throat only slightly if at all 



tinged with lemon yellow Ramphastos culminalus. 



e'. Larger, bill more than 17 cm. Throat strongly tinged with 



lemon yellow Ramphastos cuvieri inca. 



a'. Nostrils rounded, opening upward at the edge of the casque. The 

 culminal ridge extending back beyond the nostrils (Pteroglossiis.) 



b. No band across the breast (sexes different) Pteroglossiis viridis. t , m, 



b'. Breast banded (sexes alike). /..^^ai.v'i''^"'*'*'^ 



c. Throat chestnut Pteroglossiis fimii v enir is. - / T'^^ 



c'. Throat black. ' ' y 



d. With two black bands beneath Pteroglossus pluricincius. 



d'. A single scarlet band across lower breast; maxilla with a broad 

 black culminal stripe (at base occupying entire space between 

 nostrils) ; thighs reddish green Pteroglossus aracari roraimae 



Ramphastos cuvieri inca Gould. 

 RampJiastos inca Gould, P. Z. S. 1846. p. 68. 



RainpJwsfos cuvieri inca Berlepsch & Hartert, p. 99. 



One specimen secured at Munduapo on the first expedition and 

 recorded by Berlepsch and Hartert. 



Ramphastos monilis Muller. 

 RampJiasfos nioiiilis P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst. Suppl. (1776): p. 83 



( Cayenne ) . 

 Ramphastos haematorhynchus Berlepsch & Hartert, Novit. Zool. IX. 



1902. p. 99. (Type, ex La Pricion. Caura River, Venez.). 



Recorded by Berlepsch & Hartert from points oh the Caura River 

 only. Not seen on the Orinoco. 



Ramphastos osculans Gould. 

 Ramphastos osculans Gould, P. Z. S. 1835. p. 156; Berlepsch & Hartert, 



p. 100. 



Only one specimen collected, taken at Munduapo February 10, 

 1899, not seen on subsequent expeditions. 



Eye seal brown, bare skin about eye turquoise blue; bill, with a 

 narrow band at the extreme base deep black ; culmen and tips of maxilla 

 and mandible and the upper third of a sub-basal band sulphur yellow, 

 lower two-thirds of sub-basal band azure blue, body of both maxilla and 

 mandible black; feet glaucous blue. 



